Consequences Of Commercial Sex Work

Consequences Of Commercial Sex Work whoredom or commercialisedized commove plow, the practice of providing knowledgeable services in return for payment, is 1 of the oldest professions of the adult male. Every civilisation mentions the presence of whoredom in both(prenominal) organise in their respective literature. Moreover, with the change of time, the face of prostitution has changed a roach with varied consequences. The commercial switch on proletarians open moved out of a confined w either of brothels to streets so as to at nerve tract customers. Sex work as a profession is non a natural resource for the most come alive workers muchover they argon put into the profession twain by force, human trafficking, or argon victim of economical or social injustice. However, research advances in this field, though not new, has been very s fagt. The designate chew over attempted to study the consequences of cozy practice work in foothold of perceive line, desolatio n and public assistance. A total of 115 participating womanly commercial rouse workers from different cities of India were requested to participate in the benefaction study. Measures of Perceived beneathline, devastation and PGI well world was utilise to get the responses from the respondents. Using a 2 (level of hop on) x 3 (levels of total of guests per sidereal day) factorial design returns were achieved. The analysis of variance results indicated a significant issuing of number of knobs on the rate benefit. However, tho interaction of age and number of clients was found to be significant on the measure of comprehend latent hostility among the commercial charge workers. Furtherto a greater extent, main make were not found to be statistically on the measure of devastation. In addition, correlation results indicated a detri noetic relationship between number of clients per day and well being. Interestingly, a negative correlation between perceived sieve an d age of the respondents suggesting aging relives from stress arising out of the profession was observe. The measure of loneliness strikeed no relationship between any of the measure under study. The results have been interpreted and implications have been discussed the sporty of available literature and contemporary suppositional approaches.IntroductionProstitution is widely described as the worlds oldest profession. Prostitution, the practice of exchange gender for cash or other immediate compensation, has existed crosswise cultures and measure from the ancient Greeks, through religious servitude, to todays finish scandals that have rocked several countries. Prostitution withal crosses class lines, from the poor streetwalkers with their stereotyped drug habits and abusive pimps to the last-class brothel and escort service workers with their designer clothes and stylish apartments.darn the prostitute technically sells a service, namely inner intimacy, the ways in which prostitution is discussed suggest that, at least to modern sensibilities, she is merchandising utmost more than that. Common euphemisms for prostitution in English include selling her body and selling herself, conflating the body and the self with cozy intimacy indicates that shake upual intimacy both defines and controls the body and the self.Buyers of sex atomic number 18 not circumscribe to any one class or clan however, throughout the world mobile populations of men form a large proportion of sex consumers. Transport workers, seaf bers, businessmen and men who atomic number 18 separated from their families and communities either by migration or by joining the fortify forces are regular clients. Nevertheless(prenominal), sex work remains criminalized in many countries and sex workers are pillow slip to human rights violations in many more.Most analyses of prostitution suggest that both men and women enter prostitution, either professionally or temporarily, as congenator amateurs, for economic and monetary reasons or are forced to indulge in sex work profession. Certainly, through most of history there were fewer professions open for women, especially if they had little or no family support or they lacked the education or class status to aspire to the few professions that tidy women could participate in. Conversely, many people who advocate a departure from the ignominy culture surrounding sex in a variety of arenas, including sex work, argue that some prostitutes work in order to challenge inhibitory gender roles which restrict womens sexuality to a romantic ideology and despotic patriarchal marriages. As these activists are also working to change womens opportunities and then eliminate prostitution as a forced, last-ditch option for staying alive, they are not simply romanticizing prostitution but complicating it by forcing the world to read the positive choices of sex workers.More so, females in their early teens are more assailable and ge t lured into the profession not by choice but more due to immaturity. However, adult women may also be vulnerable to economic, social and psychological pressures leading to the choice of sex work profession. on that point is nothing magical roughly a girls eighteenth birthday that guarantees that she can make free and unpressured choices. What seems more distinguished in the context of prostitution and the controversy over choice is the individuals ability to manage power hierarchies and to maintain an element of control within them (WHO, 2001).Nevertheless, very little is known about the demand for sex worker services. Sexuality is not a case that is much discussed in India. Contrary to cultural ideals that stress chastity forward marriage and fidelity within it, men commonly stray from this norm. small-arm this behaviour is generally not as pronounced as in societies in East and Southeast Asia there is consistent, although largely anecdotal say to indicate that a large min ority of men are clients of sex workers. Mobile groups of men male migrants in the cities truck drivers those in the armed forces and travelling businessmen are frequently cited as important client groups. Many young men are initiated into their sexual lives by prostitutes (UNFPA, 2001). quickly escalating prevalence rates for HIV indicate that monogamy is not ineluctably practised (Lousie, 2000). This applies to men from all social classes.Threats to physical and psychological wellbeing come from working conditions, as well as from clients, the public, and the police encountered in the working environment. Both the public and the police use harassment and furiousness to monitor sex workers behavior. Besides, street-based sex workers are field to constant attention, scrutiny, and harassment. In contrast to street-based workers, sex workers who operate in other venues are relatively invisible but are facilitate likely to be the subject of harassment and assault leading to deple ted earth of well being.Regarding sexual and physical health, the sex workers are at a high fortune of sexually transmitted disease (STD). Undeniably, the importance of the link between sexual shame injuries and STIs has been recognized. Specially, in the context of the trafficked, they are a lot victims of repeated sexual abuse and coercion into involuntary sex acts, which may include vaginal rape, forced anal and oral sex, forced unprotected sex, gang rape, sex during menstruation, and sex accompanied by violent or degrading ritual, which not only have physical consequences but also affects the psychological state of the victims. Moreover, the dimensions of coercion and violence within the given situation also sum up womens risk of infection by limiting womens ability to negotiate how sex takes place and whether condoms are used. Gynecological complications are the most common health problem faced by trafficked women as a result of the abuse context, which may be in terms of tearing of the vaginal tract and genitals, sexually transmitted infections, unwanted pregnancy, risks to reproductive and sexual health and preceding(prenominal) all HIV/AIDS.Above all social stigma the sex workers face is more enduring and affects them more psychologically and is devastating for them. However, they still continue to indulge in the profession for unlike reasons. air and loneliness is one of the consequences accompanied with shattered wellbeing which may be observed among the sex workers.In view of these beliefs, numerous authors have been interested in exploring sex workers sexual health. However, the psychological exploration in the lives of sex workers in Indian context could not be seen. Within this backdrop, present study attempted to explore the consequences of sex work in terms of perceived stress, loneliness and wellbeing.METHODSample A total of 115 active female commercial sex workers from different Red light areas and prostitution belt, located in citie s of India, were requested to participate in the present study. aspect at the extent of study and the problem in finding participants for the study, nonrandom sampling method was used to select the sample. Respondents were female sex worker in the age range of 14-45 years.Tools Apart from including demographic items in the consultation schedule measures pertaining to perceived stress, loneliness and wellbeing was used to get captivate responses, suitable to the objectives, from the respondents.Perceived Stress carapace (PSS) Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, Mermelstein, 1983) was used to understand the stress pattern of the respondents.PSS included 14 items to be rated on a 5-point Likert type scale ranging from never (0) to very often (4).UCLA Loneliness Scale The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russel, 1996) was included to assess immanent musical noteings of loneliness of the respondents (commercial sex workers). The items in the scale were to be rated on a four point scale ranging from never to often. PGI benefit Scale PGI Wellbeing scale developed by Verma, Verma, (1989) included 20 items intended to measure the subjective wellbeing of the respondents. Forced type yes/no response was to be put against the items and a high score on the scale indicated high degree of wellbeing.The interview schedule was supplemented by actual observation of the situation. surgical operation Initially, all the respondents were contacted at their workplace and objectives of the study were explained. With great difficulty the respondents concur to participate in the study. Data was collected from different Red light areas and prostitution belt, located in various cities of India. All the respondents were assured of confidentiality of their fix and responses and were thanked for their participation in the study.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONUsing a 2 (level of age) x 3 (levels of number of clients per day) factorial design results were achieved (Table 1).The analysis of varia nce results pertaining to perceived stress have been shown in table 2. No statistically significant effect of the main effects of age (F (1, 109)= 0.246 p.05) and number of clients (F (2, 109)= 2.785 p.05) on the perceived stress is observed. The mean results, however, revealed that the respondents of junior age (M= 29.61) perceived more stress than their speed age (M= 27.12) counterparts. With regard to number of clients per day, it was revealed that the respondents dealing with 5 or more clients (M= 28.41) were more stressed than their other counterparts dealing with 3 or less clients (M= 28) and with 4 clients (M= 27.29) per day.Conversely, interaction of age and number of clients (F (2, 109) = 7.732 pWhen 23 ANOVA was applied to the measure of Loneliness, neither did age (F (1, 109)= .329 p.05) nor did the number of clients per day (F (2, 109)= .327 p.05) reveal any significant effect. Similarly, the interaction effect (F (2, 109)= 2.784 p.05) also was not significant. However , it was the younger respondents (M= 29.67) who perceived loneliness more than their counterparts (M= 28.77). Conversely, respondents dealing with 4 clients daily (M=29.18) experiences loneliness more than their counterparts dealing 5 or more (M= 28.80) and 3 or less (28.20) clients on daily basis. Ordinarily, loneliness exists because of the isolation people feel in them. The isolation can come as a result of loss of someone or something people are dearly prone with and when it is taken away experience of loneliness creeps in. Its usually because of this separation that creates the feeling of loneliness. However the result seems to indicate that loneliness is experiences similarly across age group of the sex workers and that number of client is also not important.A 23 ANOVA was applied to see the effect of age and number of client on wellbeing. The results indicated a significant effect of number of clients on the measure wellbeing (F (2, 109) = 3.55 pThe correlation results (tab le 2) indicated a negative relationship between number of clients per day and well being. It suggests that number of client is a potent source of good or depleted wellbeing among the commercial sex workers. Interestingly, a negative correlation between perceived stress and age of the respondents. This result seems to suggest that with aging these sex workers are more adjusted to the daily demands of the work they do and consequently are more relieved and hence less stress. Furthermore, the measure of loneliness revealed no statistically significant relationship between any of the measure under study once again suggesting that the feeling of loneliness is not change by either age or number of clients and also it is not statistically related to stress or wellbeing for the commercial sex workers.ConclusionSocio-economic factors such as financial handicap, trafficking, unemployment and peer influence are the major factors encouraging the growth of the sex industry in India. Stress as a function of age and number of client is an important factor was used in the present study but revealed no significant effects. However, clients number was significant with wellbeing. Age and number of client was also not significant with the measure loneliness. Some of the other studies have document an association between sex trading and multiple traumas and other characteristics associated with psychological distress (El-Bassel et al., 1997 Fullilove, Lown, Fullilove, 1992 Kelly, et al., 1992).This finding should be viewed in the light of two limitations. First, because of difficulty in finding the respondents random or systematic sampling action could not be used, thus, the conclusions may not be representative of all women in this trade. Second, the present study did not consider stressful life-time events, such as trafficking, socio-economic conditions prior to entering flesh trade, childhood abuse, and domestic violence, etc., that could confound the relationship between sex trading and perceived stress among this population. These associations notwithstanding, the question as to what extent psychological distress and loneliness is a consequence of commercial sex work and its possible relationship with various other psychological variables remains unanswered by this study. Future studies are needed to examine culturally relevant appraisals, coping style, psychological symptoms and their consequences on the commercial sex workers. Knowledge of psychological factors can be used to develop interventions for this population. Despite these limitations, this study has implications for assessing and possibly providing possible intervention for mental health problems of sex workers. The level of perceived psychological stress among sex workers highlights the need to assess their need for psychological interventions.The feeling they have of being stigmatized because of the nature and status of their work likely contributes to their stress (Fullilove, Lown, Fullilove, 1992) and shattered wellbeing because the wellbeing results were slightly at the lower side. More so, for the majority of commercial sex workers, commercial sex constitutes their major source of income and it was revealed that given a chance they would like to exit the profession. In this line, women who are ready to leave this profession should have some policy from the government addressing their rehabilitation and thumb source of income generation.Gaining access to public assistance may enable some women to reduce their dependency on sex trading. Those who are not instinctive or able to leave sex trading need education to develop strategies to reduce the dangers of their work. By and large, high number of partners and inconsistent idle sex conditions among these sex worker, as reported, indicate that these women will continue to fuck off infected with STDs, if not yet affected, and get into drug abuse as well. Thus, government and providers of public health must intensify their efforts to bring them into the mainstream of the country.