Answer the following question after reading Heart of Darkness Why does Essay

Answer the following question after reading Heart of Darkness Why does Marlowe lie to Kuitz's fiancee at the end of the Heart of Darkness - Essay Example The character Mr. Marlow, or to say the narrator, in the beginning of the story is projected as a protector of truth who tells a lie in its ending. Why Marlow decided not to tell Kurtz's fiance about her betrothed's final degradation require much in-depth knowledge about human psychology. The readers may be sympathetic towards Mr. Marlow as he was to rescue a resourceful person, Mr. Kurtz, who was ill in the dark forest of African Congo, but failed in his mission. At the same time arguments will arise about Marlow's hypocritical behavior when confronting Kurtz's fianc. Although, there may exist contradicting views about Marlow's behavior, it will be interesting to analyze the compulsions before him and interpret human nature in the outlook of Conrad. All the fictions are imaginary creations of literary artists, and writers have power to create disbelief and hold the reader into a satisfactory understanding of the plot. Though Heart of Darkness is termed as a travelogue, the element of imagination and literary creativity is also present in it. A good fiction offers the reader an exposure to good and bad characters that may have resemblance of people they know or come across in their own lives. Fiction makes sense when a writer tells a good truthful lie, and it successfully reproduces an event perfectly, which has never occurred to the reader. Once a writer is committed to tell the whole true lie and nothing but a completely true lie through their characters they can shape words to animate and convert into figures of people. For a successful writer readers are puppets in his hands and easily manipulated with their ability and creativity of white lies. Conrad has been successful in creating such elements in Heart of Darkness and it emerges a short but thrilling experience to the reader. The "Heart of Darkness," is considered as a travelogue and true life experience of Conrad, who was himself a navigator for many years. The readers are exposed to tricky situations and are carried away to illuminating mythological situations and dark inhuman activities with the skillful writing of Conrad. The story begins depicting Kurtz as an upstanding European who has been transformed by his time in the jungle-away from his home away from familiar people and food, and away from any community moral support that might have helped prevent him from becoming such a tyrant. Marlow is assigned to rescue this resourceful and knowledgeable person from the clutches of dark Africa. The factors compelling Marlow to decide not to tell Kurtz's fiance about her betrothed's final degradation requires much in-depth knowledge about human psychology. Marlow project himself as a protector of truth and hated world of lies. Marlow makes his feelings about lying explicitly through his words "You know I hate, detest, and can't bear a lie, not because I am straighter than the rest of us, but simply because it appalls me. There is a taint of death, a flavor of morality in lies, -- which is exactly what I have and detest in the world-what I want to forget. It makes me miserable and sick" (p.49-50). These words show that Marlow does not approve telling lies and it makes him miserable. His harsh words "not because I am s

Food Regulations Essay Example for Free

Food Regulations Essay 1.State the administrative agency which controls the regulation. Explain why this agency and your proposed regulation interest you (briefly). Will this proposed regulation affect you or the business in which you are working? If so, how? Submit a copy of the proposed regulation along with your responses to these five questions. The proposed regulation can be submitted as either a separate Word document (.doc) or Adobe file (.pdf). This means you will submit two attachments to the Week 2 Drop box: (a) a Word document with the questions and your answers and (b) a copy of the proposed regulation you used for this assignment. (10 points) 2.Describe the proposal/change. (10 points) 3.Write the public comment that you would submit to this proposal. If the proposed regulation deadline has already passed, write the comment you would have submitted. Explain briefly what you wish to accomplish with your comment. (10 points) 4.Provide the deadline by which the public comment must be made. (If the date has already passed, please provide when the deadline was). (5 points) 5. Once you have submitted your comment, what will you are legally entitled to do later in the promulgation process (if you should choose to do so)? (See the textbooks discussion of the Administrative Procedure Act.) If the proposal passes, identify and explain the five legal theories you could use in an attempt to have (any) administrative regulation declared invalid and overturned in court. Which of these challenges would be the best way to challenge the regulation you selected for this assignment if you wanted to have the regulation overturned and why? Answer all of these questions for #5 even if you are in favor of your proposed regulation. The response to question 5 should be a minimum of 2–3 paragraphs long. (15 points) 1-FDA publishes rules that establish or modify the way it regulates foods, drugs, biologics, cosmetics, radiation-emitting electronic products, and medical devices commodities close to the daily lives of all Americans. FDA rules have considerable impact on the nations health, industries and economy. My concern is that under the federal law, a claim that a food is intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease makes that food a drug, and is unlawful. However, federal law provides for FDA approval of a health claim, which is a statement that characterizes the relationship of any substance to a disease or health-related condition (e.g. a claim that calcium may reduce the risk of osteoporosis). Under the statutory standard for approval, the claim must be supported by significant scientific agreement. (www.iflr.msu.edu/iflr/courses/united_states_food_laws) 2. The adequacy of federal oversight of food safety recently became the subject of intense media and Congressional scrutiny. The issue came to national prominence when contaminated food caused the death and illness of hundreds of people. The episode served to heighten awareness of the fact that an increasing proportion of the food consumed domestically is imported, and much of it from countries that do not have well established food safety systems. It also began to focus attention on the fact that FDA’s funding has not kept up with the responsibilities that have been heaped upon it over the past several years, and that FDA will need additional legal authority to effectively address some problem areas; they have adequate funding and resources. FDA covered the overall food safety systems of the countries, as well as their food safety systems such as specific commodity areas; i.e. seafood, including molluscan shellfish, imported meat products, vegetables and dairy products (exclu ding Grade A pasteurized milk products). (www.fda.gov/Food/InternationalActivities/Imports/default.htm) 3. The controversy over trans-fat offers an example of how one kind of regulation at the federal level can beget other forms of regulation at the state level. In 2006, an FDA regulation went into effect that requires listing the amount of trans-fat present in a packaged food on the label of that food. FDA did not go so far as to ban the use of trans-fat, something that some consumer groups were advocating. However, shortly after the issuance of FDA’s rule, state and local jurisdictions started stepping into the breach. A number of localities have banned the use of trans-fat in restaurant foods, and some states, such as California, have begun to follow suit. Faced with a patchwork of local requirements and the potential for adverse publicity, some major restaurant chains have reformulated their products to eliminate the use of trans-fat, however, nations wide has not complied or just finds a loophole to go around the system in avoiding such regulations. Another issue is the increasing concern of the status of federal regulation of foods and other products that contain nanomaterial. Both proponents and skeptics of nanotechnology hold the view that industry has raced ahead of regulatory authorities in bringing nanotech products to market, thereby increasing the potential for consumer injury and environmental harm. Thus, there is at least some support for stronger regulatory oversight of nanotech products in general, and of nanotech foods, including food additives and dietary supplements in specific. Recently, FDA announced that it will hold a public hearing to seek input on various aspects of its approach to regulation of nanotechnology. FDA likely will follow up on that hearing with the issuance of guidance documents specific to the product categories that it oversees. (www.mondaq.com/unitedstates/x/146784/Healthcare+Food) 4. By law, anyone should participate in the rule-making process by commenting in writing on rules FDA proposes. FDA routinely allows the public input and carefully considers the comments when it draws up a final rule. Another way to influence the way FDA does business is to petition the agency to issue, change or cancel a regulation, or to take other action. FDA will act to implement a provision of the FDA Amendments Act of 2007 that requires FDA to establish a reportable food registry, and that requires any person who submits a registration for a food facility under the Bioterrorism Act of 2002 to also notify FDA of instances of reportable food. A reportable food is one for which there exists a reasonable probability that use of, or exposure to, the food will cause serious adverse health consequences or death, the same standard that currently applies to Class I recalls, so the practical effect of the new provision should make it mandatory for companies to notify FDA of a Class I recall situation. FDA Petitions require careful preparation by the submitter, they spends considerable time and staff resources processing petitions. Individuals sometimes submit petitions, but most come from regulated industry or consumer groups. For example, a drug company might request a change in labeling for one of its products; a food company might ask that its product be exempted from some provision of a regulation; or a consumer group might petition FDA to tighten regulation of a certain product. (RegistrarCorp.com/FDA-Food) 5. Health claims have been the subject of considerable controversy. After protracted litigation, federal courts ruled that FDA cannot impose an outright ban on claims that have some scientific support but fail to meet the statutory standard of significant scientific agreement. FDA’s strict application of the statutory standard was held to violate the First Amendment of the US Constitution, which protects against government infringement of speech that is not false or misleading. In response to those court decisions, FDA should develop a process for approval of qualified health claims; in order to attempt and describe the strength of the scientific evidence that supports a claim. Qualified health claims should be the subject of controversy in their own right. Some observers believe that qualified health claims are as likely to mislead as to inform consumers, and opposition to their use has grown to the point where Congressional representatives have asked FDA to stop approving them altogether. It remains to be seen how the controversy will be resolved, given that FDA’s current approach was essentially forced on it by the judiciary. (www.iflr.msu.edu/iflr/courses/united_states_food_laws) References: FDA gov Homepage – U.S Food and Drug Administration homepage; Retrieved form www.fda.gov January 19th, 2013 US FDA Food Regulations/FDA Beverage Regulations; Retrieved from www.registrarcorp.com/fda-food/index.jsp? January 20, 2013 Importing Food Products into the United States; Retrieved from www.fda.gov/Food/InternationalActivities/Imports/default.htm . January 20, 2013 United States – FDA Food Labeling Regulations; Retrieved from www.ladas.com/BULLETINS/1994/0694Bulletin/US_Food

Nothing Can Be Good or Evil in Itself Essay -- Philosophy essays

Nothing Can Be Good or Evil in Itself    "Truth, beauty, and goodness are not eternal, objective realities which man discovers, but are the creative products of the human mind as it exercises its 'will-to-power'.   In other words, man is a creator of values." (Nietzsche) So what is good and evil, but that defined by man and therefore a purely subjective concept.   Could we, society, have one without the other?   By determining what is good, we in turn determine what is evil.   How do we know what they are; that is if they really exist?   One must first try to define what good and evil are before attempting to question their existence. What is good?   Is it the selfless act of a volunteer at a homeless shelter or an honest and truthful taxpaying citizen?   Webster's dictionary defines good as being of favorable character, wholesome, and virtuous. (Merriam-Webster)   "A good will is not good because of what it effects or accomplishes--because of its fitness for attaining some proposed end: it is good through its willing alone-that is, good in itself." (Kant)   In essence, the traditional sense of good is an act done only with the benefit of others in mind rather than for one's own personal interests.   However, for society to view this as good, an act must be intended to benefit society as a whole as well.  Ã‚   Dr. Martin Luther King's speech, I Have A Dream, is an excellent example of a good will affecting the society as a whole.   "King believed that the struggle for civil rights was a part of a larger struggle in which the forces of freedom and individuality, the forces of righteousness, would triumph over the forces of oppression and prejudice, the forces of ignorance." (King)   He stressed freedom as a right, as an overall good... ....   "I Have A Dream."   The Twentieth Century: Mirrors of Mind.   Second Edition, Revised.   Winston-Salem, North Carolina: Hunter Books, Incorporated, 1991.pp 138-140. Merriam-Webster of America.   The Merriam-Webster Dictionary.   Springfield, Massachusetts:   Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 1997. pp 325-326. Mill, John Stuart.   "Utilitarianism."   Philosophy: A Literary and Conceptual Approach.   Third Edition.   New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Incorporated, 1995.   pp 306-319. Nietzsche, Friedrich.   "Beyond Good and Evil."   The Twentieth Century: Mirrors of Mind.   Second Edition, Revised.   Winston-Salem, North Carolina: Hunter Books, Incorporated, 1991. pp 16-20. Sartre, Jean-Paul.   "The Humanism of Existentialism."   Philosophy: A Literary and Conceptual Approach.   Third Edition.   New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Incorporated, 1995. pp 434-443.

Why is English Important Essay

Essay About English Language English is one of the most important languages in the world. It can even be said to be the single most important language. Other languages are important too, but not for the same reasons as English is important. English is important because it is the only language that truly links the whole world together. The other languages may be important for their local values and culture. English can be used as a language in any part of the world. This is because at least a few people in each locality would know the language. Though these people might not have the same accent as others, the language at least will be understandable Pakistan and Importance of English Language In countries like Pakistan, with people of various cultures live, the languages of each part of the country also differ. English can be the only link as people in each place will not be able to learn all the other languages to communicate with the people. English bridges this gap and connects the people. When a person travels to another part of the world either for the sake of business or even as a tourist, the languages may differ. In these conditions, English is the language that helps people to deal with the situation. It is like a universal language. The presence of English as a universal language assumes importance in the fact that more and more people leave their countries not only for the sake of business and pleasure, but also for studying. Education has increased the role of English. People who go to another country to study can only have English as their medium of study. This is because the individual will not be able to learn a subject in the local language of the country. This again reinforces the fact that the English language is very important. All correspondences between offices in different countries and also between political leaders of various countries are in English. This linking factor also tells of the importance of the English language in this essay. In spite of the growth of the Internet in various languages, English is the mainstay of the Internet users. This is the language in which most of the information and websites are available. It is very difficult to translate each and every relevant webpage into the language of various countries. With Internet becoming very important in education, English language is bound to grow. Thus the importance of English as a language is emphasized. The future of English as a language is very secure. The day is not far when this language will become the single language of the world like we have a single currency. IMPORTANCE OF ENGLÄ °SH: In today’s global world, the importance of English can not be denied and ignored since English is the most common language spoken everwhere. With the help of developing technology, English has been playing a major role in many sectors including medicine, engineering, and education, which, in my opinion, is the most important arena where English is needed. Particularly, as a developing country, Turkey needs to make use of this world-wide spoken language in order to prove its international power. This can merely be based on the efficiency of tertiary education. Consequently, English should be the medium of instruction at universities in Turkey for the following three reasons: finding a high-quality job, communicating with the international world, and accessing scientific sources in the student’s major field. The first reason for why English should be the medium of instruction at universities in Turkey is that it helps students find a high quality jobs for students to find. In business life, the most important common language is obviously English. In addition to this, especially, high-quality jobs need good understanding ability and speaking in English. Therefore, companies can easily open out to other countries, and these companies generally employ graduates whose English is fluent and orderly. For example, the student who is graduated from a university which takes English as a major language will find a better or high-quality job than other students who don’t know English adequately. In other words, the student who knows English is able to be more efficient in his job because he can use the information from foreign sources and web sites. He can prepare his assigments and tasks with the help of these information. Therefore, undoubtedly, his managers would like his effort or prepared projects. In addition, many high-quality jobs are related with international communication and world-wide data sharing. University graduates who are in a international company and business are needed to communicate with foreign workers. For instance, if their managers want them to share the company’s data, they are expected to know English. Moreover, they will even have to go business trip for their company. Absolutely, all of these depend on speaking English;as a result, new graduates have to know English in order to get a high-quality job, and the others, who don’t know English, may have lack of communication and be paid less money. The second and the most important reason, for English to be the medium of instruction in the Turkish higher education system is that it enables students to communicate with the international world. In these days, in my opinion, the most important thing for both university students and graduates is to follow the development in tecnology. For this reason, they have to learn common language. Certainly, they should not lose their interest on communicating with the world. However, some of the university students can’t obtain English education in their university. Unfortunately, these people may lose their communication with worldwide subjects and language essay topics. In short, they will not communicate foreign people. To prevent these people from lacking of speaking English, universities’ administration will provide English education to them. In addition, university students can use some specific hardware and software of computers with their English to communicate others. For example, the Internet, which, in my opinion, is the largest source in the world, based on English knowledge and information. Also, most of the softwares such as â€Å"Windows†, â€Å"Microsoft Office†, â€Å"Internet Explorer† are firstly written in English, and these programs are the basic vital things for communication over computer. That is to say, even in a little resarch about something, they need these programs and the Internet to find necessary sources and information. The last reason for favouring English as the medium of instruction of Turkish universities is that it faclitates accessing information. All of the students have to do some projects or homeworks which are related with their field during the university education. In these projects or homeworks, they have to find some information which is connected with their subject. They find sources from English web sites and books, but they have to replace these data to their projects. During these process, if they know English, they will not come across with any difficulty, but if they don’t know, even they may not use these data. As a result, the student who knows English will be more successful at his/her project. For this reason, to obstruct possible inequity between students, management of universities should accept English as a second language in order to provide accessing information to the students. In short, university students need to know English to access information. All in all, the education in universities should be done with English for three reasons. First, students who know English are able to find their favourite job related with their field. Second, they can communicate with others internationally. Third, as a major language in universities, English makes accessing information easy for students. In my opinion, internationally, people need one common language. For many years, English has been the common wold-wide language, and it will be in the future. For this reason, if you want to follow trends, new gadgets and technology, modernization of the developing world, you have to know English whatever age you are in. Role of English Language in Globalization The Power of English Language Without the powerful language English, connecting nations all over the world would have been something impossible. Communication is very crucial in any field, whether it is business, medicine, transport, technology, trade or marketing. English is the language globally accepted and known by all. The role of English language in globalizing people all over the world cannot be just expressed in words; the influence of this commanding language is quite vast and diverse to define. If you consider business, diplomacy, or politics, there should be proper gelling between nations. Deep understanding is very much important in any field. Without proper communication it is not possible in whichever way it may be. The language you speak does play a big role in conveying and popularizing your skills and requirements. Around 380 million consider English as the first language, two-third of them prefer it as the second. In addition, billions are in the learning process and many are exposed to this unflinching language. Various predictions reveal that by 2050, half the world population will be proficient in English language. Hence it’s relevant how powerful the language is to bring the nations together. Whether high or low, it is the language accepted universally. â€Å"The World Empire by Other Means: The Triumph of English.† (The Economist, 2001). The power of English language The English language stands out from any other language if you consider the nation as a whole. People know its significance and that is why the language is taught as the basic language in any country. Internationally speaking, it will be really hard to thrive in this world without knowing English. When you speak of globalization, the first language that comes to mind is English. In order to create an ethically responsible, equitable and tolerant world, the English language plays a crucial role. You may take the case of any field. In business, outsourcing and communication with clients and other delegates are very important to exchange and share your thoughts and innovation. This is how business grows. Likewise it is also very important to maintain peace and tranquility between nations. If at all an issue arises, only through peaceful talks and conferences the problems can be discussed and sorted. English is the best to make it easier. Many Asian and African countries even accepted it as the standard language to communicate with each other. (Belcher. D, 1994). The language has great impact on sharing different traditions and cultures of various nations, enhancing better knowledge to know each other. You learn more about the various traditions, culture, and customs of various nations all over the world through travel and study. For both of these to become reality effective communication is a must. The language English enhances a lot in bringing people all over the world together. The internet also plays a big role in promoting English as the standard language understood by all. Through various social networking sites people connect to each other from anywhere around the world, mostly through English. This is because the language is accepted all over the world. English is also very essential for air traffic controls and airline crews. The touch of this powerful language is very evident in every field of study. Even in science and research, the English language is very essential. (The Convention on International Civil Aviation, Chicago Convention, 1944) English is the International Language and is one of the most popular and most spoken in the technology world. We need to know English language in order to study any science subject or any computer language. We need to know English to communicate effectively too many developed countries. English is very much important in our life†¦it is necessary in each and every field. If we know English we never feel tongue tide in front of others. It’s a widely spoken language. People take pride in speaking English .if we don’t know English, we will leg behind the other. English is a need of hour. Today we can’t deny the importance of English in our life.To anyone who lives in an English speaking country, it is of vital importance. Language is always very important, because it is the means of communication. If you cannot speak the language of a place, it will be very difficult to communicate with the people. And so it is an absolute neccesity.We communicate with others every day. Weather we just say ‘hello’ or have a long conversation, or weather we give or follow instructions, or weather at home or at the shop or in the workplace. Communication is a tool for everyday life-Everyone uses it every day. And language makes it a whole lot easier, so everyone learns to speak their native language. And English is the most widely spoken language in the world, and if you know how to speak it, it will be an invaluable tool of communication. You can develop your knowledge for betterment of your knowledge. As long as you educate yourself, you will come across many new things. There is no end for learning A language is a systematic means of communication by the use of sounds or conventional symbols. It is the code we all use to express ourselves and communicate to others. It is a communication by word of mouth. It is the mental faculty or power of vocal communication. It is a system for communicating ideas and feelings using sounds, gestures, signs or marks. Any means of communicating ideas, specifically, human speech, the expression of ideas by the voice and sounds articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth is a language. This is a system for communication. A language is the written and spoken methods of combining words to create meaning used by a particular group of people. Language, so far as we know, is something specific to humans, that is to say it is the basic capacity that distinguishes humans from all other living beings. Language therefore remains potentially a communicative medium capable of expressing ideas and concepts as well as moods, feelings and attitudes. A set of linguists who based their assumptions of language on psychology made claims that language is nothing but ‘habit formation’. According to them, language is learnt through use, through practice. In their view, ‘the more one is exposed to the use of language, the better one learns’. Written languages use symbols (characters) to build words. The entire set of words is the language’s vocabulary. The ways in which the words can be meaningfully combined is defined by the language’s syntax and grammar. The actual meaning of words and combinations of words is defined by the language’s semantics. The latest and the most advanced discoveries and inventions in science and technology are being made in the universities located in the United States of America where English language is the means of scientific discourse. The historical circumstances of India (having been ruled by the British for over two centuries) have given the Indians an easy access to mastering English language, and innumerable opportunities for advancement in the field of science and technology. Many Indians have become so skilled in English language and have won many international awards for creative and comparative literatures during the last few years. Sometime ago, an Indian author, Arundhati Roy, won the prestigious booker prize for her book â€Å"The God of Small Things†. Her book sold lakhs of copies all over the globe. Over the years, English language has become one of our principal assets in getting a global leadership for books written by Indian authors and for films made by Indians in English language. A famous Indian movie maker Shekhar Kapoor’s film â€Å"Elizabeth† has got several nominations for Oscar Awards. It does not require any further argument to establish the advantage English language has brought to us at the international level. English language comes to our aid in our commercial transactions throughout the globe. English is the language of the latest business management in the world and Indian proficiency in English has brought laurels to many Indian business managers. English is a means not only for international commerce; it has become increasingly essential for inter-state commerce and communication. In India, people going from North to South for education or business mostly communicate in English, which has become a link language. Keeping this in mind, the Parliament has also recognized English as an official language in addition to Hindi. All the facts of history and developments in present day India underline the continued importance of learning English in addition to vernaculars. Some of the states of India are witnessing popular increase in public demand for teaching of English language from the primary classes. Realizing the importance, recently, the Minister of Indian Railways, Laloo Prasad Yadav, demands teaching of English language in schools. The great demand for admission in English medium schools throughout the country is a testimony to the attraction of English to the people of India. Many of the leaders, who denounce English, send their own children to English medium schools. Many of the schools in the country have English as the sole or additional medium of instruction. A language attracts people because of the wealth of literature and knowledge enshrined in it. English poses no danger to Indian languages. The Indian languages are vibrant and are developing by the contributions of great minds using them as their vehicle of expression. English is available to us as a historical heritage in addition to our own language. We must make the best use of English to develop ourselves culturally and materially so that we can compete with the best in the world of mind and matter. English language is our window to the world. English language is one tool to establish our viewpoint. We can learn from others experience. We can check the theories of foreigners against our experience. We can reject the untenable and accept the tenable. We can also propagate our theories among the international audience and readers. We can make use of English to promote our worldview and spiritual heritage throughout the globe. Swami Vivekananda established the greatness of Indian view of religion at the world conference of religions in Chicago in 1893. He addressed the gathering in impressive English. Many spiritual gurus have since converted thousands of English people to our spirituality by expressing their thought and ideas in masterful English. English has thus become an effective means of promoting Indian view of life, and strengthening our cultural identity in the world. When William Caxton set up his printing press in London (1477) the new hybrid language (vernacular English mixed with courtly French and scholarly Latin) became increasingly standardized, and by 1611, when the Authorized (King James) Version of the Bible was published, the educated English of London had become the core of what is now called Standard English. By the time of Johnson’s dictionary (1755) and the American Declaration of Independence (1776), English was international and recognizable as the language we use today. The Orthography of English was more or less established by 1650 and, in England in particular, a form of standard educated speech, known as Received Pronunciation (RP) spread from the major public schools in the 19th century. This accent was adopted in the early 20th century by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for its announcers and readers, and is variously known as RP, BBC English, Oxford English, and the King’s or Queen’s English. Generally, Standard English today does not depend on accent but rather on shared educational experience, mainly of the printed language. Present-day English is an immensely varied language, having absorbed material from many other tongues. It is spoken by more than 300 million native speakers, and between 400 and 800 million foreign users. It is the official language of air transport and shipping; the leading language of science, technology, computers, and commerce; and a major medium of education, publishing, and international negotiation. For this reason, scholars frequently refer to its latest phase as World English. English is one of the most important languages in the world. It can even be said o be the single most important language. Yes, other languages are important too, but not for the same reasons as English is important. English is important because it is, maybe, the only language that truly links the whole world together. If not for English, the whole world may not be as united as it is today. The other languages may be important for their local values and culture. English can be used as a language in any part of the world. This is because at least a few people in each locality would know the language. Though these people might not have the same accent as others, the language at least will be understandable. There are various reasons for the importance of English language. They are listed below. 1. Travel: When a person travels to another part of the world either for the sake of business or even as a tourist, the languages may differ. In these conditions, English is the language that helps people to deal with the situation. It is like a universal language. 2. Same country: In countries like India, where the land is so vast with people of various cultures live, the languages of each part of the country also differ. Under the circumstances, English can be the only link as people in each place will not be able to learn all the other languages to communicate with the people. English bridges this gap and connects the people. 3. Education / Studies: The presence of English as a universal language assumes importance in the fact that more and more people leave their countries not only for the sake of business and pleasure, but also for studying. Education has increased the role of English. People who go to another country to study can only have English as their medium of study. This is because the individual will not be able to learn a subject in the local language of the country. This again reinforces the fact that English language is very important. 4. Correspondence: All correspondences between offices in different countries and also between political leaders of various countries is in English. This linking factor also tells of the importance of English language. 5. Internet: In spite of the growth of Internet in various languages, English is the mainstay of the Internet users. This is the language in which most of the information and websites are available. It is very difficult to translate each and every relevant webpage into the language of various countries. With Internet becoming very important in E commerce and also in education, English language is bound to grow. Thus the importance of English as a language is emphasized. The future of English as a language is very secure. In this era of consolidation and trying to unify various aspects of life, it will not be long before English can be made as a single language of the world like the single currency and the union of various nations. Works Cited Bonfiglio, Thomas Paul. Why Is English Literature?: Language and Letters for the Twenty-First Century. New York, NY, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. â€Å"ESOE Blog | 4 Reasons Why Learning English Is so Important.† Reasons Why Learning English Is Important, www.elc-eastbourne.co.uk/blog/4-reasons-why-learning-english-is-so-important/. Machan, Tim William. What Is English?: and Why Should We Care? Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2013. Swierzbin, Bonnie. â€Å"Demonstrativesà ¢ Special Place in the English Reference System: Why Thatà ¢s Important for English Language Learners.† Language and Linguistics Compass, vol. 4, no. 10, 2010, pp. 987–1000. doi:10.1111/j.1749-818x.2010.00248.x.

Analysis of General Environment Essay

HSBC Bank (China) is one of the first foreign banks to incorporate locally in mainland. As a foreign-owned bank, HSBC has the largest services network among foreign banks, targeting the middle-class individuals and business-oriented individuals in China. With the globalization, China is seen as the biggest market in the world. The general environment will bring great effect to the future development of the HSBC (China). The specific analysis is as follow. 1. Demographic Environment China has the largest population in the globe that the number has already reached 1.4 billion. Most of the people are living in the east and middle areas. In other words, the middle and above-middle-class people assemble in these two areas with the demand of bank service. (National Bureau of Statistic of China, 2011) As the societal pressure growing heavier, less people are willing to give birth to baby so that the problem of population aging arises. According to the reform and opening policies, the east and south areas are better developed than the central and the west. People in the coastal region have higher average income than others. As a result, HSBC (China) mostly build its banking network in the east and south areas, which are so called first-tier cities. Meanwhile, it has also expanded branches in some second-tier cities in the central area of China. 2. Economic Environment As an emerging market, China is developing at a very fast speed with continually growing Gross Domestic Product as well as high export surplus. However, in terms of global environment, the world still not recovers from the economic recession. The financial market in mainland has been impacted that the exchange rate of RMB has gone higher and higher, which has been result in the inflation. To better control the financial market, the interest rate has been increased to limit the cash flow in the market and personal saving rate goes up that people are encouraged to save money in banks rather than investing. Another economic factor putting effect on HBCS in China is the unemployment rate. China government devotes into keeping the unemployment rate low and stable, because once the rate rises sharply, this will destroy the harmony of the society. Consequently, HSBC (China) should take this factor into account to obtain trust and support from the local government. 3. Political Environment In China, banks are supervised by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. There are many barriers setting in front of those foreign banks in China, such as foreign banks are not permitted to establish a business of any scale in the mainland, since the Chinese legislations limit on how many local banking operations can lean on foreign banks. On the other hand, the new parties have held the power, which means new policies and new reform may come into being. Different policies and reform will significantly affect the existence of HSBC in China. With the improvement of the capital market, the financial environment will be deregulated and gain a more loosening environment. Moreover, foreign banks in China have to be charged tax, which will increase the cost and lower the profits of HSBC in mainland. As the compulsory education popularizing, more and more people think highly of the banking service. They become to have good knowledge to the banking items and are tied closely to those services. 4. Socio-cultural Environment Banks serve for people’s demand and need. People’s attitude towards banks is influenced by the social-cultural environment. In China, customers are more conservative that they prefer saving money. Therefore, more emphasis should be put on the retail banking services in mainland. Recent years, with the impact of financial crisis, people are less trusting banks. Banks are seen as greedy organizations by the public, which was result from arbitrary banking charges. 5. Technological Environment Technological change can bring new style of business to organizations. It can change both the product and business way. Since the constant improvement of the Internet, HSBC has launched its online banking services in China. People can have an electronic account to check user’s balances and transactions, make transfer as well as pay bills. Simultaneously, doing business through the Internet not only save the time for customers, but also simplify the business process for HSBC so that they can cut large amount of cost. Furthermore, the development of the mobile phone also benefits the banking services. People can easily access to their account through the mobile Internet. Secondly, particular applications have been invented for mobile users to manipulate their banking service. For example, HSBC has its own applications which can be used for IOS (iphone) and Android operating systems. These applications are convenient to use and also help HSBC to saving labor as well as time cost. 6. Global Environment The global environment is somewhat cannot be controlled by the organizations itself. The global economy stays in a recession for a period of time and seems to be difficult to recover from it. The subsequent influences of the financial crisis affect the economy in China. HSBC (China) has earned less profit these years. Although the macro environment is not so optimistic, China is still the hugest potential market around the world. Besides China, there are still many emerging countries appear in the world, like India. In the future, HSBC (China) should pay attention to create more advantage competitiveness than those HSBC banks in other international regions. Reference Eternity in an hour. (2009). Environmental Analysis-HSBC(A Marketing Perspective). Available from: http://cloudchronicler.net/2009/10/14/environmental-analysis-hsbc-draft-copy/ HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited Fact Sheet. (2013). Available from: http://www.hsbc.com.cn/1/PA_1_083Q9FFKG80E20RA9Q00000000/content/china/about/docs/factsheeten.pdf HSBC Bank (China). (2013). About HSBC (China). Available from: http://www.hsbc.com.cn/1/2/hsbc-china-cn Sina News. (2012). The War of the Interest Rate. Available from: http://news.dichan.sina.com.cn/2012/08/02/539030.html Studymode. (2012). A PEST Analysis Report of HSBC. Available from: http://www.studymode.com/essays/Pest-Analysis-Hsbc-Holding-Plc-1206636.html The Wall Street Journal. (2011). In China, Foreign Banks Still Lag Behind. Available from:http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904491704576574281790473152.html

Definition and Examples of Language Standardization

Definition and Examples of Language Standardization Language standardization is the process by which conventional forms of a language are established and maintained. Standardization may occur as a natural development of a language in a speech community or as an effort by members of a community to impose one dialect or variety as a standard. The term re-standardization refers to the ways in which a language may be reshaped by its speakers and writers. Observation The interaction of power, language, and reflections on language inextricably bound up with one another in human history, largely defines language standardization. Is Standardization Necessary? English, of course, developed a standard variety by relatively natural means, over the centuries, out of a kind of consensus, due to various social factors. For many newer countries, though, the development of a standard language has had to take place fairly rapidly, and government intervention has therefore been necessary. Standardization, it is argued, is necessary in order to facilitate communications, to make possible the establishment of an agreed orthography, and to provide a uniform form for school books. (It is, of course, an open question as to how much, if any, standardization is really required. It can be argued quite reasonably that there is no real point in standardizing to the extent where, as is often the case in English-speaking communities, children spend many hours learning to spell in an exactly uniform manner, where any spelling mistake is the subject of opprobrium or ridicule, and where derivations from the standard are interpreted as incontrovertible evidence of ignorance.) An Example of Standardization and Divergence: Latin For one important example of the push/pull between divergence and standardizationand between vernacular language and writingIll summarize the Literacy Story... about Charlemagne, Alcuin, and Latin. Latin didnt diverge much till the end of the Roman empire in the fifth century, but then as it lived on as the spoken language throughout Europe, it began to diverge somewhat into multiple Latins. But when Charlemagne conquered his huge kingdom in 800, he brought in Alcuin from England. Alcuin brought in good Latin because it came from books; it didnt have all the problems that came from a language being spoken as a native tongue. Charlemagne mandated it for his whole empire. The Creation and Enforcement of Language Standards ï » ¿Standardization is concerned with linguistic forms (corpus planning, i.e. selection and codification) as well as the social and communicative functions of language (status planning, i.e. implementation and elaboration). In addition, standard languages are also discursive projects, and standardization processes are typically accompanied by the development of specific discourse practices. These discourses emphasize the desirability of uniformity and correctness in language use, the primacy of writing and the very idea of a national language as the only legitimate language of the speech community... Sources John E. Joseph, 1987; quoted by Darren Paffey in Globalizing Standard Spanish.  Language Ideologies and Media Discourse: Texts, Practices, Politics, ed. by Sally Johnson and Tommaso M. Milani. Continuum, 2010 Peter Trudgill,  Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, 4th ed. Penguin, 2000 (Peter Elbow,  Vernacular Eloquence: What Speech Can Bring to Writing. Oxford University Press, 2012 Ana Deumert,  Language  Standardization, and Language Change: The Dynamics of Cape Dutch. John Benjamins, 2004

Essay on The Future of Educational TechnologyEssay Writing Service

Essay on The Future of Educational TechnologyEssay Writing Service Essay on The Future of Educational Technology Essay on The Future of Educational TechnologyThe technology plays an increasingly important part in the development of education with educators using digital technologies wider. In the future of technology will increase even more. In this regard, the ideal school of 2020 is likely to be the highly technological school where educators and students will use advanced technologies and develop distance learning to enhance the conventional learning.In fact, the school of 2020 is the high tech school that includes the use of modern information technologies. Students will be equipped with mobile devices, smartphones or tablets which they will use instead of convention textbooks. They will not need other devices to use for learning. At the same time, they will be able to learn any time they feel good and comfortable for them. They will be able to contact their educators any time they want. In such a way, students can learn autonomously.As for educators, they will use information technologies and telecommunication system to deliver instructions to students and to maintain the communication with students not only within the classroom but also outside that will stimulate the development of the distance learning to enhance the conventional in-school learning. For instance, if students have difficulties with performing some tasks, they may contact their educator for help or additional information on the tasks.Thus, the future school of 2020 will be a highly technological school and such school is highly realistic taking into consideration the speed of the technological progress. Therefore, technologies used in the school will be cheaper and, therefore available to students and educators.

Too Much French Vocabulary Is the Haute of Hauteur

Too Much French Vocabulary Is the Haute of Hauteur Too Much French Vocabulary Is the Haute of Hauteur Too Much French Vocabulary Is the Haute of Hauteur By Mark Nichol Thanks to the longstanding political and social influence of France on what is now the United Kingdom, French and its dialects have had a significant impact on the English language. Linguists estimate that nearly one-third of English words are derived from French, and though some are more efficient or evocative in meaning than words that evolved from Old English, terms that ostentatiously signal their place of origin should be used in moderation. Many words we take for granted stem from French, among them some of the terms most closely associated with the United States, such as equality, justice, and liberty. However, Gallicisms, expressions and idioms clearly identifiable as French (though they often have become naturalized citizens in English), are also numerous. For example, many speakers of American English use one or more phrases beginning with the French word for good: â€Å"bon appetit† (literally â€Å"good appetite,† meaning â€Å"enjoy your meal†), â€Å"bon mot† (literally â€Å"good piece,† meaning â€Å"witty remark†), â€Å"bon vivant† (literally â€Å"good liver,† meaning â€Å"one who lives well†), and â€Å"bon voyage† (literally, â€Å"good journey,† meaning â€Å"enjoy your trip†). The first and last are universally familiar, but â€Å"bon mot† and â€Å"bon vivant† are less widely known. And although most well-educated people understand what a coup de grace is, it would be considered pretentious to write of a coup de foudre (literally, â€Å"strike of thunder,† meaning â€Å"love at first sight†), a coup de maitre (literally, â€Å"stroke of the master,† meaning â€Å"masterstroke†), a coup de theatre (literally, â€Å"stroke of theater,† meaning â€Å"dramatic turn of events†), or a coup d’oeil (literally, â€Å"strike of the eye,† meaning â€Å"glance†). Likewise, many other French terms may be at best vaguely familiar to readers, and though readers may not mind going to the dictionary once or twice, writers should be cautious about annoying them by lacing their work with too many words or phrases such as habituà © (â€Å"one who frequents a place†), â€Å"idà ©e fixe† (â€Å"obsession†), louche (â€Å"questionable, or arousing suspicion†), and manque (â€Å"failure†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before Words8 Writing Tips for Beginners5 Erroneously Constructed â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Sentences

Arguments Participation Paper 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Arguments Participation Paper 3 - Assignment Example (lines 17- 24) the mother cries out the guilt and pain of abortion; unborn children are robbed off their basic rights to live and do other common activities during a life time; 3. (lines 30,31) show how the mother tries to convince herself of the abortions; the first part of the poem addresses the mother and the later part addresses the child. It clearly shows how the mother takes abortion very seriously and wants to overcome the guilt and pain associated with it. The loss is even more painful and is clearly portrayed in the first part. The second part convinces of the love the mother had for her aborted children. Characters and their symbolic use: 1. dead person conversing with the poet; this character is imaginary and is a metaphor for death; 2. the poet is yet another character who interacts with the dead person to know how death feels to be and what it is. Citations and how they fit the Argument: 1. (line 3) gives the theme of the poem; 2. (lines 5-7) say how powerful death is; the facts about death could burn a hole; 3. (lines 11, 12) brings out the fact that death strikes like an accident and is barely noticed till it arrives; 4. (lines 18-20) hint that death is unavoidable and inexplicable factor in each one’s life. Everyone born must die and the poet is made to realize it; 5. (lines 28-32) talk about how it feels to be dead. â€Å"Conversation† by Ai explores the experience of death. It is a conversation between the poet and a dead person. Like a Dramatic Monologue, the poem captures the voice of the dead man and the response of the poet. Death is described as horrible; it is like an accident. The color of death is presented as blue. The truth about death is so powerful that it could cause holes on the floor. The poet is made to realize the universal truth that someday all the lives will snap. It is unavoidable and is the

Factors that organisation can utilise to help build brand equity Essay

Factors that organisation can utilise to help build brand equity - Essay Example The clients, through what they speak of the product, ultimately determine the brand equity of a commodity. In this case, the most promising products in meeting the needs of the clients have a strong value for their brand. Through the use of information available at the market and the clients’ perception of the products capacity to meet the needs, an appropriate product is selected. This is greatly influenced by the beliefs and perception of the client towards a commodity in relation to the specific needs that need to be addressed. In the course of improving brand equity of a specific product or institution, the two main factors that are taken into account include brand knowledge and brand awareness. The product should be placed in the client mind to an extent that when s/he is confronted with a problem, the products appears to be the first choice among the products that could address the challenge. Understanding the rivals in a business Understanding the brand equity of compet itors is important in the making of brand equity; this is mainly because the organization will maximize on their weaknesses. Moreover, this will provide sufficient information in preparation of a brand that is unique from the existing ones and thus easily identifiable by the clients. This places the product as well the organization at a competitive edge in the market that is ever competitive, thus enjoying customer loyalty, increased sales and consequently growth. Approaches for ensuring brand equity There are various approaches to ensure brand equity in an organisation within the market in which its supplies products to its customers. Customer-based equity brand approach is one in which an organisations considers various factors to be implemented so as to come up with a brand that is strongly established in the market. Customer-based brand equity model ensures that an organisation can be able to attract its customers by clearly considering their choices as could be determined by th eir preferences. Kevin Keller developed the model and hence it also bears the name Keller’s Brand Equity and it involves four steps of developing a stable and strong brand in the market. The first step of customer-based brand equity implies that a product needs to be logical, and should integrate different aspects of life as well as establishing itself in the market. This happens by creating customer awareness or salience, which aims at ensuring that a brand stands out, and customers recognise it. According to this step, an organisation, which is implementing a branding venture, should focus on being all-inclusive and focusing on its ability to its establishment in the market. This means that for a brand to thrive in a market, it will have to undergo the process of growth to establish itself in the business by involving as many people with their own differences. This means that an

The World Bank and IMF effects on developing countries Essay

The World Bank and IMF effects on developing countries - Essay Example United States, being the biggest stakeholder holds 17% of the vote in World Bank while all African countries have less than 9% vote (â€Å"The World Bank and IMF in Africa†,2008). Despite six decades of uninterrupted function, according to United Nations development program, over a fifth of world’s population lives below international standard of poverty line of $1 a day, another 1.6 billion survive between one and two dollar. One third of world’s population is either unemployed or underemployed. Combined incomes of richest fifth of the world population was over 60 times greater than the poorest fifth in 1998,in 1997 41% of Third World had no access to safe drinking water,57% had no access to sanitation,40% of children under five were underweight, 840 million people malnourished and under five mortality rate was 169/1000 live births. Moreover, external debt repayment or servicing amounts to 92.3% of the GDP and the list goes on (Ecologist, 2000). Since Asian financial crisis, role of IMF in managing the economies of developing countries is facing severe criticism. Non-governmental bodies have always been concerned about African development and IMF’s role in helping or hampering the process. Moreover, increasing debates over US economic policy for Africa and international pressures for poor countries debt cancellation highlighted IMF policies in Africa. Increasing external debt and multiplying IMF’s power also diverted the attention towards the impact of IMF’s economic policies in African countries (Naiman & Watkins 1999). Davison Budhoo resigned from IMF in 1988 in revulsion over policies what he identified as IMF’s â€Å"Increasingly genocidal policies.†Operations of these agencies proved to be catastrophic (Budhoo n.d., p.20). ‘Instead of development and favourable adjustment, the Third World today is in an accelerated spiral of economic and social decline. That

In what ways, and to what extent, did McCarthyism impact upon American Research Paper

In what ways, and to what extent, did McCarthyism impact upon American society in the early 1950's - Research Paper Example The investigation involved conducting analyses on human behavior induced by McCarthy’s anti-Communist rhetoric as well as examination of the victims of McCarthyism whose involvement helped shaped societal ideologies supportive or opposed to McCarthy’s paranoia. SUMMARY OF EVIDENCE Joseph McCarthy was expertly versed in utilizing rhetorical arguments to foster support for the agenda of removing legitimate or perceived Communist threats from within the United States and that stemming from international society. After emerging from World War II, nations torn apart by war began to polarize, creating centralized authorities from fractious ruling regimes torn apart by warfare. This centralization ultimately led to the development of The United States and The Soviet Union as superpowers, based on militaristic and economic growth. Coupled with ongoing threats of atomic warfare, now posing a risk from nations that had managed to procure atomic resources, Communism became a very negative connotation sparking fear from members of government. It was believed by many in the early 1950s that Communism represented a moral threat to the fabric of society and an antagonistic ideology. â€Å"You the American people could hope†¦even at this late date, how rapidly the sands in the hourglass of time are running out -- realize that, as of tonight, we are winning a war, winning it – I beg your pardon – losing a war, losing it deliberately and disgracefully, losing it at the tune of American blood which will continue over the weeks and months ahead† (McCarthy 2). The aforesaid quotation from McCarthy in 1952 illustrates the methodology by which McCarthy was able to foster support for his agenda, appealing with pathos, the ability to create an emotional response from an audience by appealing to suffering and experiences endured by a national population fatigued from years of difficult warfare. McCarthy established a sense of urgency through his r hetorical arguments, indicating that there must be a community-wide effort, involving all patriotic Americans, to identify and remove the threats of Communism to the United States. The McCarthy movement gained national prominence in the early 1950s, enhanced by growing support from the Catholic community in the U.S., support from the Kennedy family which was gaining notoriety and influence in government, and such organizations as the American Legion and anti-Communist women’s groups such as The Minute Women of the USA (Nickerson 2). Under social learning theory, society will often imitate the behaviors of others when they are considered credible and attractive role models. Under this theory, society will continue to model such behaviors when they witness these actions being reinforced and applauded by the social environment (Bandura 47). Groups such as the American Legion and The Minute Women of the USA regularly published anti-Communist sentiment in the form of leaflets and posters that publicized support for McCarthy’

Managing Financial Resources in Health and Social Care Assignment

Managing Financial Resources in Health and Social Care - Assignment Example Principles of Costing and Business Control Systems May Be Adopted in BUPA The strategy of any company depends on a number of risks and uncertainties. Emphasising this particular concern, BUPA has engaged efficient risk managers who are bestowed with the responsibility to improve the credibility of the organisation in mitigating risks within the business environment. A proper costing requires sources from its stakeholders including the non-financial staff members. In this process, the staff members associated in different fields of operations can also contribute in the accurate computation of effective costing. Thus, staff members from within and outside the finance department must also be engaged, being stakeholders of the company, in order to identify the accuracy and relevancy of costing in the organisation as per the Principle 1 of NHS Approved Costing Guidance 2013 (Monitor, 2013). BUPA must also adopt this approach throughout the organisation in a consistent manner. This approac h will help the organisation to analyze the various accounting method such as cost submission and comparison as per the Principle 2 of NHS Approved Costing Guidance 2013. The costing principle, that is Principle 3, must be very much accurate in terms of its data. BUPA must be conscious of the accuracy of the data such as patient’s data, clinical staff’s performance data and the data of the trial balance or ledger of the organisation. The costing principle of BUPA must be oriented towards the material costs as per the Principle 4 of NHS Approved Costing Guidance 2013. It must focus on the high costs material, accuracy to be required for costing purposes and calculate the expenditure required in the material costs of the organisation. The costing principle must be based on the needs of the patients. In a health care organisation, the needs of the patients must be understood to enable effective costs. This understanding will improve the relation between the health workers and patients and in return create a positive impact on the financial aspect of the organisation following Principle 5 of NHS Approved Costing Guidance 2013. Again as per principle 6 of NHS Approved Costing Guidance 2013, every organisation must adopt a transparent costing system. It provides the organisation with complete assurance and develops the trustworthiness of the resources which will promote the workers with greater service delivery to their patients (Monitor, 2013). 1.2. Main Heads/ Income for BUPA in Last Financial Year The total attributable equity to the holders of the parent company of BUPA Care homes was recorded to be ?333,070,000. The major heads of income for BUPA in the last financial year were the economic capital, operational activities, funding and reserves for financial and taxation expenses. It is worth to be noted in this context that BUPA always maintains a proper capital so that it can be utilised to meet the organisational liabilities in the coming future and thereby preserve the liquidity of the company. Similarly, the other head in the income statement of BUPA can be identified as the funding generated by the company, which signifies the liquidity of BUPA and the availability of funds at any time of requirement. Notably, BUPA prepares its financial statement in accordance with the guidelines prescribed under the International Financial Reporting Standards, which in turn helps to give a true and

In what ways, and to what extent, did McCarthyism impact upon American Research Paper

In what ways, and to what extent, did McCarthyism impact upon American society in the early 1950's - Research Paper Example The investigation involved conducting analyses on human behavior induced by McCarthy’s anti-Communist rhetoric as well as examination of the victims of McCarthyism whose involvement helped shaped societal ideologies supportive or opposed to McCarthy’s paranoia. SUMMARY OF EVIDENCE Joseph McCarthy was expertly versed in utilizing rhetorical arguments to foster support for the agenda of removing legitimate or perceived Communist threats from within the United States and that stemming from international society. After emerging from World War II, nations torn apart by war began to polarize, creating centralized authorities from fractious ruling regimes torn apart by warfare. This centralization ultimately led to the development of The United States and The Soviet Union as superpowers, based on militaristic and economic growth. Coupled with ongoing threats of atomic warfare, now posing a risk from nations that had managed to procure atomic resources, Communism became a very negative connotation sparking fear from members of government. It was believed by many in the early 1950s that Communism represented a moral threat to the fabric of society and an antagonistic ideology. â€Å"You the American people could hope†¦even at this late date, how rapidly the sands in the hourglass of time are running out -- realize that, as of tonight, we are winning a war, winning it – I beg your pardon – losing a war, losing it deliberately and disgracefully, losing it at the tune of American blood which will continue over the weeks and months ahead† (McCarthy 2). The aforesaid quotation from McCarthy in 1952 illustrates the methodology by which McCarthy was able to foster support for his agenda, appealing with pathos, the ability to create an emotional response from an audience by appealing to suffering and experiences endured by a national population fatigued from years of difficult warfare. McCarthy established a sense of urgency through his r hetorical arguments, indicating that there must be a community-wide effort, involving all patriotic Americans, to identify and remove the threats of Communism to the United States. The McCarthy movement gained national prominence in the early 1950s, enhanced by growing support from the Catholic community in the U.S., support from the Kennedy family which was gaining notoriety and influence in government, and such organizations as the American Legion and anti-Communist women’s groups such as The Minute Women of the USA (Nickerson 2). Under social learning theory, society will often imitate the behaviors of others when they are considered credible and attractive role models. Under this theory, society will continue to model such behaviors when they witness these actions being reinforced and applauded by the social environment (Bandura 47). Groups such as the American Legion and The Minute Women of the USA regularly published anti-Communist sentiment in the form of leaflets and posters that publicized support for McCarthy’

Tornadoes;From start to finish Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tornadoes;From start to finish - Research Paper Example They can wipe out an entire town in a matter of minutes. Scientists are still unclear as to the true cause of a tornado, but it usually forms when the cold polar air from Canada meets the warm tropical air from the Gulf of Mexico. Great instability is caused by the rising warm air; as a result, a giant rotating thunderstorm called a supercell is formed. Then, a squall line or narrow zone of cumulonimbus clouds appears. Lightning flashes, heavy rains, and hail begin to fall. After that, the funnel part of the tornado seems to descend from the base of the cumulonimbus clouds. But, this does not really happen. What really happens is the pressure within the cloud drops due to the increasing wind speeds. This is known as Bernoulli’s principle which states that as the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases (mitchellscience.com). As the pressure drops, it causes moisture in the air to condense. This action continues down the spiral, giving the impression that the funnel is descending from the cloud base . In addition to the visible funnel, there is also a hissing sound, which turns into a loud roar when the tornado touches the ground. Once the tornado reaches the ground, it starts to gather debris around it (ORACLE.ThinkQuest.org). This changes the color of the tornado. Tornadoes appear nearly transparent until they touch the ground and pick up dust and debris or a cloud forms in the funnel. Once they are formed, the average speed of a tornado is 30 miles per hour, but this may vary from stationary to 70 miles per hour. Tornadoes have been noted to move from Southwest to Northeast. But, they have also been known to move in any direction. Tornadoes move in a path that is controlled by the route of their parent thundercloud, and they often appear to hop. This happens when the vortex is disturbed. A vortex is easily disturbed, but it can also reform. This can also happen

Licensure and Certification Requirements in the State of Florida Essay Example for Free

Licensure and Certification Requirements in the State of Florida Essay [emailprotected]: Dr. Darlene DanekerAbstract This paper will discuss the licensure and certification requirements for the state of Florida for mental health counselors. It will discuss whether a mental health counselor needs to; hold a license, credential, certification, or some other designation to practice independently as a professional counselor, it will define the laws that regulate and impact the credentialing, certification, and/or licensing of counseling professionals working within mental health counseling, and it will discuss three key content areas that are included in your state laws as they relate to professionals in mental health counseling. Licensure and Certification Requirements in the State of Florida for Mental Health Counselors This paper will discuss the licensure and certification requirements for the state of Florida for mental health counselors. It will discuss whether a mental health counselor needs to; hold a license, credential, certification, or some other designation to practice independently as a professional counselor, it will define the laws that regulate and impact the credentialing, certification, and/or licensing of counseling professionals working within mental health counseling and it will discuss key content areas of; educational requirements, fieldwork and supervision requirements, licensure requirements, specific required examination requirements, and continuing education that are included in Florida state laws as they relate to professionals in mental health counseling. In order to practice mental health counseling in the state of Florida it is a requirement to hold a license for mental health counseling In order to receive such license one must have completed the application for mental health counselor, taken, and passed the National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination. However, before endeavoring  on the path of licensure one must also have taken required courses within their graduate program which include (1) Counseling Theories and Practice, (2) Human Growth and Development, (3) Diagnosis and Treatment of Psychopathology, (4) Human Sexuality, (5) Group Theories and Practice, (6) Individual Evaluation and Assessment, (7) Career and Lifestyle Assessment, (8) Research and Program Evaluation, (9) Social and Cultural Foundations, (10) Counseling in Community Settings, (11) Substance Abuse, and (12) Legal, Ethical, and Professional Standards Issues. In addition, the graduate program for which one hales from must be accredited by the Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP); carrying a minimum of sixty semester hours in the areas listed above or a minimum of eighty quarter hours of clinical and didactic instruction, including a course in human sexuality and substance abuse CITATION Flo131 \l 1033 (Department, 2013). Fieldwork and supervision are also a requirement of the laws in order to be licensed in Florida; one must have the â€Å"equivalent of at least 1,000 hours of university-sponsored supervised clinical practicum, internship, or field experience as required in the standards for CACREP accredited mental health counseling programs† CITATION Flo131 \l 1033 (Department, 2013). The state of Florida strictly follows the CACREP accreditation practices for licensure acceptance. In addition, the requirement for two years of post-master’s supervised experienced under the supervision of a licensed mental health counselor or equivalent who is deemed qualified by the Florida Board of Professional Regulations and the â€Å"supervision experience must have consisted of at least 1,500 hours providing psychotherapy face-to-face with clients for the profession for which licensure is sought† CITATION Flo131 \l 1033 (Department, 2013). Finally, the applicant must pass the national clinical mental health counseling examination (NCMHCE) developed by the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC), and complete an eight-hour laws and rules course from an approved provider, complete a two-hour prevention of medical errors course from an approved provider, complete a three-hour course on human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome within six months of licensure, and complete a two hour domestic violence course from a board approved provider within six months of licensure. The state of  Florida requires its licensed Mental Health Counselors to continue their education on a bi-yearly basis. In order to follow this guideline one must; Licensees must complete 30 hours of approved continuing education (CE) within the two year licensure period (biennium) to include the following: a two hour course relating to prevention of medical errors, a three hour course in ethics and boundary issues, a two h ours of CE on domestic violence must be completed every third biennial licensure renewal period. These two hours shall be part of the 30 hours otherwise required for each biennial licensure renewal, and may be taken at any time during the six years preceding the renewal for the biennial in which the credit is due CITATION Flo132 \l 1033 (Statue, 2013). In order to remain current in all aspects of licensure requirements one must know their renewal date, know their biennial date and the clear and precise steps to timely complete the process in which one is expected. Florida offers a concierge system to track continuing education mandated courses. Utilizing this and an organizational calendar will allow one to keep up with their requirements. Staying apprised of legislation through the state of Florida medical quality assurance website will allow one to be updated as well as sign up for emails that will trigger one to review new laws and legislation regarding their licensure. References BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 Department, F. H. (2013, August 24). To be licensed as a Mental Health Counselor in Florida. Tallahassee, Florida, United States. Florida, C. (2013, July 20). Clinical Social Work, Marriage Family Therapy Mental Health Counseling Statutes and Rules. Retrieved from Florida Department of Health: http://www.doh.state.fl.us/mqa/491/soc_statutes.html Statue, F. (2013, August 24). Continuing Education. Tallahassee, Florida, United States http://doh.state.fl.us/mqa/continuingeducation/ce_licenseeinfo.html.

Music Downloads From The Internet

Music Downloads From The Internet A big question in the music industry has arisen. It is the one about music downloads, whether free or paid for or illegally downloaded (piracy). People were and are still keen to know whether these downloads have an effect on the price of CDs and the sales of CDs. Many studies have been done in this regard as will be shown below. Some of the studies concluded that the downloads did not affect the Music CD industry negatively, but rather helped it to achieve higher sales. Others report that the industry has suffered. This paper will look at the different studies undertaken. It is a general trend and decision of music-lovers worldwide, to download music instead of buying CDs. Downloads are seen to be more convenient. Music CDs appeared in 1982 and became the medium for commercial music. The Internet and technology gives music lovers the ability to download music. It is this new technology and convenience that threatened and threatens the music CD sales. Consumers now have the luxury to handpick the songs and music that they prefer and like. The supply and demand of CD sales are influenced by the downloads. When a CD comes out, there are between 11 and 15 or more songs on the album. However, not all the songs are liked by music lovers. This is one of the main reasons for music downloading (Harrell 2007). Price, Demand and Elasticity Price elasticity is the reference to price change in connection to demand. Demand can also change in relationship to price. Price elasticity also refers to the amount of money a single consumer wants to pay for something. Consumers with lower incomes have lower price elasticity for they have less disposable income. This means that higher income consumers have higher price elasticity because they can pay more. Depending on the product and the value of it, even low income or low spenders with low price elasticity, will want to pay more. In the case of the music CD sales, both low and high income spenders, like to download music which is cheaper than a CD and they also have the luxury of choosing what they want (Ellis-Christensen 2011). Downloaded music and CDs are substitutes for each other. The downloaded music is on the rise. Downloaded music prices went down as a result if access to the internet on a worldwide scale as more music sites became available. Because of the fall in the pr ice of the substitute (downloaded music) decreases the demand for Music CDs. Thus the price drop in downloaded music is resultant of the decrease in demand for CDs ( Lee Gosain 2002; Leung 2009; Liebowitz 2005). Studies done in Music downloads and the effects on CD sales: The first such study was done in the US. It was undertaken by researchers of Harvard University and the University of the North Carolina. They kept track of music downloads over 17 weeks in 2002. These were then compared to the markets sales of CDs against the ones downloaded. The conclusion reached was that the multiple and numerous downloads had limited effect on record sales A study of file-sharings effects on music sales says online music trading appears to have had little part in the recent slide in CD sales. Furthermore, the authors of the report related that they think that those who downloaded music would not have bought the CD. The big culprits of downloads were identified as Kazaa and Morpheus who offered a link for people to use in downloads. Music producers and CD companies reported lower sales and blamed the loss on downloads where some music offers are for free. Besides the downloads lower incomes and the recession were also blamed. Then there is also the possible impact of other forms of entertainment such as DVD movies, video games for TVs and computers. The study has aroused interest to the effect that some people felt that the music industry should make music available on a peer-to-peer basis on networks to distribute the music. The feeling is that the download companies such as Kazaa and others should negotiate and cooperate instead of fighting and opposing each other. This study was done by professors Oberholzer (Harvard) and Strumpf (Univ. North Carolina). They used logs amounting to 1.75million downloads over a period of 17 weeks.This research showed that some people only did a logon twice and downloaded about 17 songs, while others logged on much more and downloaded more. In one case, one person downloaded 5,000 . The next step was to choose songs and then made a comparison of the albums with that of the downloads of the same songs. The researchers concluded that it would take about 5,000 downloads to upset and displace the sale of one CD. Even if millions of downloads were done worldwide, it would only affect the sales minimally. They even felt that the downloads could even push sales up a little. People who read and studied the report were critical of its findings. They feel that other studies showed both positive and negative effects. The Recording Industry Association of America was dismissed the results as inconsistent with earlier findings. This body referred to a study by the University of Texas who concluded that the downloads did affect the music industry (Borland 2004). The above report attracted many online comments. One highlighted the fact that CDs were too expensive compared to the records sold in the late 60s and 70s and teenagers then could buy one easily by just doing household chores such as lawn mowing or babysitting. In the present time, the costs of CDs are high and will require many lawn mowing and sessions of baby-sittings. Thus, teens are not to blame if they rather download music. These teens are afraid to buy a CD incase the rest of the music on it is not too good. Another person complained that modern technology makes the production costs of CDs, and questions the high cost in the shops. Therefore, people rather download (Oberholzer Strumpf 2004). Fisher (2007) reported that the music industry suffered a decline in sales of CDs. The drop is reported as high as 20%. Answers were sought for the drop in sales. According to the Wall Street Journal, the closure of more than 800 stores in 2006, is one of the reasons for the decline. Legal downloads are growing, but the money paid via the internet is not closing the gap in revenue. One argument is that legal downloads (paid downloads) decrease the money of CD sales. In the first quarter (2007) 81.5 million CDs were sold. It was 20% down on the previous sales figures (2006). In contrast, Apple iTunes sales grew 54%, accounting for 175 million songs sold and paid for. It is clear to see that the volume of downloaded songs were more than the actual CDs sold. It is estimated that the songs are mostly singles instead of whole albums. Figures quoted are: $2 billion from online music sales; of this $800 million were single-track sales.The argument still stands that people buy downloaded tra cks instead of buying the album unless it is a hit album. In the past consumers were prepared to pay for an album even if they did not like all the songs on it. Now they have the opportunity to just buy what they liked. This translates to CD sales going down and digital downloads are on the increase. Fisher argues that, Generally speaking, it takes 10 songs to reach the cost of an album (if generalized to $10), so even someone buying a handful of songs off an album leaves a revenue gap compared to a whole album sale. He also cites the competition of other forms of entertainment such as DVD or CD movies. Moya (2007) reported about a study done in Canada. This was a research study done by university professors. It was to make a comparison between CDs bough and the music downloaded. This study was conducted by Birgitte Andersen and Marion Frenz of the Department of Management at the University of London in England. It concludes that illegal file-sharing does not cause a decrease in music sales as the music industry has insisted. They argue that the opposite is true. According to them , downloads cause an INCREASE in music purchasing. These researchers argue that whereas earlier studies show a decline in CD sales due to P2P file-sharing, they find that P2P file-sharing actually increase rather than decrease music purchasing in Canada. The research delivered the following key findings: That for every 12 P2P downloaded songs, music purchases increased by 0.44CDs. This means that downloading about 1 CD increases the buying of half a CD approximately. There was no relationship between P2P file-sharing and digital purchase via for example iTunes. About half of P2P tracks were downloaded because people wanted listen to songs first, before buying. They did not want to buy an album , but rather what they wanted. Illegal downloads had an effect, but minimally; a 1% increase in such downloads, is linked to a 4% increase in CD sales. Owners of MP3 players were less keen to buy CD albums. The study further found that other forms of entertainment that was cited in other research as a reason for the decline in sales of CDs, actually did not stand up to their results. Andersen and Frenz (2008) argue that an interest in music translates to music purchases on CDs. Theoverall conclusion of this study is that there is a strong link between file-sharing and CD purchasing. For Canadians, it means that P2P file-sharing increase the sales of CDs. This comes about through the opportunity of people to listen to music and then decide to buy it (Andersen Frenz 2007). A study conducted in Japan (Tanaka 2004) also tested the notion that downloaded music hurt the sales of CDs. Tanaka (2004) researched the topic and looked at music downloads in Japan. In Japan the downloads are being done over anonymous file servers, so people who download are less concerned with copyright laws. He looked at many variables of sales and downloads. His final conclusion was that there is no evidence to suggest and show that downloaded music affected a drop in sales of CD sales. Another study conducted by Liebowitz (2005) returned some results. One main conclusion was that more research was needed to test the thesis that file-sharing and downloading hurts the music and CD industry. It is clear that academics do not agree with research findings to this effect. Liebowitz contends that his research shows that sales have been affected, however, it is not a cut and dried decision. He recommends that more economists should be engaged in the study of the effect of downloads and file-sharing of music on the music CD industry. His argument is that economists will draw more on sales figures and profits and losses and present a clearer picture of the thesis of the effects of music downloads on CD sales. Leung (2009) conducted research to test two beliefs of music piracy. The first one is whether music piracy hurts CD sales and the second about the idea that copyright laws might stop music pairacy. His research reveals that the music industry is hurt by music piracy, however, he disagrees with the results of Oberholzer and Strumpf (2007). Furthermore, he links music piracy to sales of Apple iPods and argues the case that more piracy will prevail and that in turn will enhance the sales of iPods. This stands to reason ,as iPods are favored to listen to music and the music for the iPod is downloaded, either legally (paid) or pirated. CONCLUSION: An ongoing debate prevails about whether music downloads affects price and demand as well as the sales of music CDs. From the various researches that had been conducted, different researchers delivered different results. Oberholzer and Strumpf (2002) contend that the CD sales did not suffer much. According to them, sales could increase slightly as people are exposed to more songs and go and buy the album. Tanaka (2004) asserted that the downloads of music in Japan did not affect the sales of CD s there. Andersen and Frenz (2007) found that sales increase in Canada as a result of downloading. They argue that music lovers could be exposed to certain music songs and then decide to go and buy the album.Leung (2009) argues that the music industry suffers due to pirated music downloads as a result of the popularity of the iPod listening device.

Labor Movements in Italy, Greece, and Turkey Essay examples -- Trade E

Labor Movements in Italy, Greece, and Turkey As a general rule of thumb, European trade movements have been stronger and more effective than those in the United States. Thus the major economic recession in the early 1980s, though experienced worldwide, hit especially hard in Europe, causing unprecedented damage to individual trade unions and labor movements in the postwar era. Governments felt the strain and responded by clamping down on efforts to increase wages and benefits. The European governments became obstinately rigid when approached by labor leaders, refusing to budge, determined that their deflationary policies would bring the countries out of the economic abyss. Starting n the 1980s, labor movements lost their vigor as they witnessed a sharp decline in their influence on governmental policy as the economic situation worsened. Unemployment increased and, with a declining ability to provide job security, membership in trade unions dropped. Over 4.5 million blue-collar jobs have permanently disappeared since1979 (Melcher 80) and unemployed trade union members rarely stay active.? Feeling the daunting shadow of unemployment and fearful of losing their own jobs, union members became more reluctant to strike, therefore lowering their prestige by giving the impression that they are unable to have any influence on the course of events.? One member pointed out why:? ?when times are worst, when the worker most needs the protection of his union, that is when he?s most anxious about his job, and therefore there is a danger of solidarity breaking down? (Apple 10).? This is exactly what has happened. As expected, the recovery from the recession has been painfully slow.? The push for the fusion of the continent... ... 2003.? . Singer, Daniel.? ?Euroland vs. Dollarland?. The Nation.? 25 May 1998:? 2-6.? Suro, Roberto.? ?Unions Strike to Protest Italy?s Deficit-Cutting Plan. New York Times 26 Nov. 1987:? 6.? Tanner, Henry.? ?Italian Communists Never Have a Nice Day. New York Times 8 Mar. 1981:? E3.? ?Turkey Decrees Laws Curbing Role of Unions. New York Times 7 May 1983:? 5.? ?10 Union Activists are Freed in Turkey. New York Times.? 21 July 1982:? 7.? Valenzuela, J. Samuel.? Labor Movements in Transitions to Democracy.? South Bend: Kellogg Institute:? 1989.? Venditto, Gus.? ?Trade Unionism Still Under Attack by Ankara. Editorial.? New York Times 24 Dec. 1982:? 24.? Werres, Thomas.? ?Workers of the EC Unite. World Press Review.? May 1993:? 40-41.? Labor Movements in Italy, Greece, and Turkey Essay examples -- Trade E Labor Movements in Italy, Greece, and Turkey As a general rule of thumb, European trade movements have been stronger and more effective than those in the United States. Thus the major economic recession in the early 1980s, though experienced worldwide, hit especially hard in Europe, causing unprecedented damage to individual trade unions and labor movements in the postwar era. Governments felt the strain and responded by clamping down on efforts to increase wages and benefits. The European governments became obstinately rigid when approached by labor leaders, refusing to budge, determined that their deflationary policies would bring the countries out of the economic abyss. Starting n the 1980s, labor movements lost their vigor as they witnessed a sharp decline in their influence on governmental policy as the economic situation worsened. Unemployment increased and, with a declining ability to provide job security, membership in trade unions dropped. Over 4.5 million blue-collar jobs have permanently disappeared since1979 (Melcher 80) and unemployed trade union members rarely stay active.? Feeling the daunting shadow of unemployment and fearful of losing their own jobs, union members became more reluctant to strike, therefore lowering their prestige by giving the impression that they are unable to have any influence on the course of events.? One member pointed out why:? ?when times are worst, when the worker most needs the protection of his union, that is when he?s most anxious about his job, and therefore there is a danger of solidarity breaking down? (Apple 10).? This is exactly what has happened. As expected, the recovery from the recession has been painfully slow.? The push for the fusion of the continent... ... 2003.? . Singer, Daniel.? ?Euroland vs. Dollarland?. The Nation.? 25 May 1998:? 2-6.? Suro, Roberto.? ?Unions Strike to Protest Italy?s Deficit-Cutting Plan. New York Times 26 Nov. 1987:? 6.? Tanner, Henry.? ?Italian Communists Never Have a Nice Day. New York Times 8 Mar. 1981:? E3.? ?Turkey Decrees Laws Curbing Role of Unions. New York Times 7 May 1983:? 5.? ?10 Union Activists are Freed in Turkey. New York Times.? 21 July 1982:? 7.? Valenzuela, J. Samuel.? Labor Movements in Transitions to Democracy.? South Bend: Kellogg Institute:? 1989.? Venditto, Gus.? ?Trade Unionism Still Under Attack by Ankara. Editorial.? New York Times 24 Dec. 1982:? 24.? Werres, Thomas.? ?Workers of the EC Unite. World Press Review.? May 1993:? 40-41.? Labor Movements in Italy, Greece, and Turkey Essay examples -- Trade E Labor Movements in Italy, Greece, and Turkey As a general rule of thumb, European trade movements have been stronger and more effective than those in the United States. Thus the major economic recession in the early 1980s, though experienced worldwide, hit especially hard in Europe, causing unprecedented damage to individual trade unions and labor movements in the postwar era. Governments felt the strain and responded by clamping down on efforts to increase wages and benefits. The European governments became obstinately rigid when approached by labor leaders, refusing to budge, determined that their deflationary policies would bring the countries out of the economic abyss. Starting n the 1980s, labor movements lost their vigor as they witnessed a sharp decline in their influence on governmental policy as the economic situation worsened. Unemployment increased and, with a declining ability to provide job security, membership in trade unions dropped. Over 4.5 million blue-collar jobs have permanently disappeared since1979 (Melcher 80) and unemployed trade union members rarely stay active.? Feeling the daunting shadow of unemployment and fearful of losing their own jobs, union members became more reluctant to strike, therefore lowering their prestige by giving the impression that they are unable to have any influence on the course of events.? One member pointed out why:? ?when times are worst, when the worker most needs the protection of his union, that is when he?s most anxious about his job, and therefore there is a danger of solidarity breaking down? (Apple 10).? This is exactly what has happened. As expected, the recovery from the recession has been painfully slow.? The push for the fusion of the continent... ... 2003.? . Singer, Daniel.? ?Euroland vs. Dollarland?. The Nation.? 25 May 1998:? 2-6.? Suro, Roberto.? ?Unions Strike to Protest Italy?s Deficit-Cutting Plan. New York Times 26 Nov. 1987:? 6.? Tanner, Henry.? ?Italian Communists Never Have a Nice Day. New York Times 8 Mar. 1981:? E3.? ?Turkey Decrees Laws Curbing Role of Unions. New York Times 7 May 1983:? 5.? ?10 Union Activists are Freed in Turkey. New York Times.? 21 July 1982:? 7.? Valenzuela, J. Samuel.? Labor Movements in Transitions to Democracy.? South Bend: Kellogg Institute:? 1989.? Venditto, Gus.? ?Trade Unionism Still Under Attack by Ankara. Editorial.? New York Times 24 Dec. 1982:? 24.? Werres, Thomas.? ?Workers of the EC Unite. World Press Review.? May 1993:? 40-41.?