Presentation Chapters 3 5 - 1422 Words

Nicole Fiamingo’s Presentation MKT 730 – Marketing Research February 17, Dell Printer: â€Å"The New Kid On The Block† http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42mNRePWIME Chapter 3 Research Design Marketing Research Proposal 1. 2. 3. 4. Executive Summary Background Problem Definition Approach to the problem 5. Research Design 6. Fieldwork/ Data Collection 7. Data Analysis 8. Reporting 9. Cost and Time 10.Appendices What the Research Design Includes 1. Define the information needed 2. Design the exploratory, descriptive, and/or causal phases of the research 3. Specify the measurement and scaling procedures 4. Construct and pretest a questionnaire/ data collection 5. Specify the sampling process and sample size 6. Develop a plan of data†¦show more content†¦http://www.businessinsider.com/2009/1/dell-losing-market-share-in-anemic-pc-market-dell Dell Running Case 1. Search the internet to find information on the latest U.S market share of Dell and other PC marketers. 2. Search the Internet to obtain information on Dell’s marketing strategy. Do you agree with Dell’s marketing strategy? Why or why not? 3. Visit the U.S Census Bureau at www.census.gov. As Dell seeks to increase its penetration of U.S households, what information available from the U.S Census Bureau is helpful? 4. What information available from syndicated firms would be useful to Dell as it seeks to increase its penetration of U.S households? Dell’s Current Marketing Strategy †¢ Dell is committed to delivering new dimensions in entertainment, mobility and gaming and is leading the industry in advancing new technologies like 4G solutions and 3D-capable laptops to provide the best entertainment and mobile experiences ever imagined, said Steve Felice, president of Dells Consumer, Small and Medium Business unit, †¢ In support of the companys Power To Do More brand positioning, Dell recently introduced its first-ever Consumer marketing campaign, You Can Tell Its Dell. 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Agenda Setting Essay Example For Students

Agenda Setting Essay The 2000 Presidential Elections are upon us and who do we turn to for information regarding the candidates? What issues will be the hot topics for the election race? For that matter, what will be the hot topics in the media for next week? Just as this paper must be structured, organized, and center around a main idea, so must all information presented to an audience. Information can only be easily processed if it contains some kind of structure. This includes the information that is provided by the media. The media have to structure their ideas and stories on a daily, weekly, and even monthly basis. This process is known as agenda setting. Television, radio, and print medias all use agenda setting, but what about a new media, such as the Internet? Lets begin by understanding agenda setting and its place in mass media theory. The early ideas of agenda setting have been around for decades. Lippmann made reference to the first ideas of agenda setting in his book Public Opinion. He spoke about how the information of the world is much too vast to comprehend without simplifying it (Baran 299). This can be interpreted as receivers of information need to have a structured, well-defined scheme of information. This structured, well-defined scheme of information causes the media to pick and choose information that it feels is relevant to the audience. This is where agenda setting presents itself. Agenda setting is the idea that the media choose topics that it thinks are important and focuses its broadcasts around this topic. McCombs and Shaw fully developed the theory of agenda setting in respect to public agenda in a study in the early 1970s. Their cross-sectional study involved the effects of media agenda setting on public opinion. They revealed that there were indeed correlations between the two, which backed the ideas of Cohen (Brosius 5). They derived that, the basic agenda-setting hypothesis asserts that the issues and information presented on the media agenda becom e over time the issues and information on the public agenda (Leckenby).This brings us to the two factors that influence an audience when presenting information through a media: the vividness of presentation and the position of a story (Baran 302). These factors, along with others, induce the audience to feel as if a particular story has important issues within the story. The relative importance of these issues is defined as salience (Leckenby). The salience of an issue determines to what degree of importance the audience and the media place on a particular story. The salience of a story in agenda setting determines the salience of the issues within the public agenda (Leckenby). The vividness of presentation is one way to raise the level of salience of an issue. A story that is presented with graphic detail can cause the public perception of the issue involved to greatly increase. If a story is sensationalized by the media, the audience will unconsciously attach themselves to that pa rticular topic. A story that shows graphic details and pictures of the events of that story cause people to feel as if they were a part of that event. For example, pictures of the crash of Flight 800 stick in the audiences mind. This leads the audience to believe that the crash of Flight 800 is an essential story that we must learn more about. The problem with this is that the audience sometimes focuses too heavily on the story to see the issue at hand. This can negatively affect the medias agenda setting power because the story is too detailed for the audience to see the issue behind the story (Baran 302).The position of a story also affects the salience of an issue. If an article on gun violence in schools is on the front page of The Washington Post, the audience perceives that particular story as having great importance within the scheme of current news topics. Since the audience deems the cover story as more newsworthy than the missing cat on page 12, the audience will believe t hat gun violence in schools is a crucial, contemporary issue. This causes the public to set gun violence in schools as a current public agenda (Baran 302).The theory of agenda setting has its positives and negatives. The theory itself is relevant to the way our society perceives critical social issues. Every time there is an airplane crash, the media jump to reveal the story. They describe all of the details surrounding the crash. The focus might be on that one particular airplane crash, but the media associate other airplane crashes with the one they are already focusing on. This causes the majority of the newscast to be devoted to airplane crashes. This particular agenda that the media has set has now become the main concern for the public. The public literally feels as though there is an epidemic of plane crashes. However, there are also negative aspects to the agenda-setting theory. Critics dissent that the theory is too situational specific. It seems to only be rooted in news a nd political campaigns (Baran 303). I disagree. I feel that agenda setting is relevant in all forms of mass media to a certain degree. In radio, although it is not relevant in setting certain tastes in music format, it does set standards for what the public deem as popular. When a radio station plays a certain song, it is very well received by the listener. In conclusion, this can be thought of as a form of agenda setting because the radio station is setting public opinion through their choice of music. The one problem that I see with agenda-setting theory is the problem of the chicken and the egg. Which comes first. Do the media set agendas that the public incorporate into their scheme of public agenda or do the public establish their own agenda only to have the media reinforce their beliefs through agenda setting? An example of this would be when the media report an event and the public begins to want more. In turn, the media begin to agenda-set according to the publics interest i n this issue. To clarify, in Spotsylvania last year, there were three abductions and homicides of teenage girls. The publics local interest in this matter precluded the local news to agenda-set on this hot topic issue. This was clearly a case of the publics agenda influencing the medias.This problem is addressed with the agenda building theory. The agenda building theory is a circular process combining the media, the government, and the public. It defines that there is not only one institution that stimulates public agenda, but that it is a collective effort of all three. Another example of this would be when the NAACP imposed a ban on the tourist industry because of the display of the Confederate Flag over the South Carolina Capitol Building. The NAACP initiated the focus on the Confederate Flag and then the media incorporated this issue in its agenda setting. .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 , .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .postImageUrl , .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 , .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853:hover , .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853:visited , .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853:active { border:0!important; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853:active , .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853 .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf89888ec6578a461f341d7191f1b6853:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Maturity Levels In Characters Essay Agenda setting is evident in a variety of media. But what about the newest media, the Internet? As the Internet becomes an ever-present media, it becomes a new test for the agenda setting theory. The Internet is a vast source of information. It, like any other media, contains both factual and embellished information. It is much more immediate than other medias; however, it is only available to approximately twenty percent of the public within Canada and the United States (Weise 162). The Internet contains information at the drop of a dime. At any particular time, one can attain countless information on practically any issue. However, as with any media, there is a section of false, misleading information. This as can be found with any media, there are valid and misleading sources. The valid sources are easily identifiable, such as sites like USA Today, NBC, and a host of others. This problem with valid sources stems from the Internets ability to allow anyone and everyone to post infor mation. I could post information about the Monica Lewinsky Scandal proposing that she also had an affair with Hillary. So, as you see, it is fairly easy to receive false information. The way to combat this is to, like any other media, check your sources. The big positive of the Internet is its ability to provide immediate information. The Dallas Morning News posted an interview with Oklahoma City bombing suspect Timothy McVeigh on the web prior to publishing it in print nearly seven hours later (Weise 160). Now, instead of journalists running to the phones to report on an issue, they run to their laptops. The coorelation between agenda setting and the Internet parallels that of other media. Just as television spawned the invention of agenda setting theory, the Internet will help to give theorists another venue to test their hypotheses. The conclusion I draw from being an avid user of the Internet is that it poses little difference to the conclusions drawn from other media regarding the subject of agenda setting. I think that is what makes the theory so strong. It can substitute any media and still come up with the same conclusions. This is evident in the browser companies such as AOL. AOL uses a system similar to that of print media to portray important stories. The opening screen of AOL contains the top stories that they deem as hot topics. focusing on agenda setting within the media of television. TelevisionThe media is an institution that works through the circular process. We tell it what is important to us, and it tells us what we should deem as important. The media is an institution, run by the people for the people, that keep us informed. It brings us stories from distant places and reveals to us what we can not personally witness. The all powerful media is a huge part of our lives. With all of this in mind, we must consider the process of agenda setting. A process which is used unrelentlessly on television. Bibliography:Works CitedBaran, Stanley J. and Dennis K. Davis. Mass Communication Theory. California: Wadsworth Publishing, 2000. Brosius, Hans-Bernd and Hans Mathias Kepplinger. Linear and Nonlinear Models of Agenda-Setting in Television. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 36 (1992): 5-24. Cook, Fay Lomax et al. Media and Agenda Setting. The Public Opinion Quarterly 47 (Spring 1983): 16-35. Leckenby, John. Agenda Setting Theory. Internet. 10 Nov. 1999 Weise, Elizabeth. Does the Internet Change News Reporting? Not Quite. Media Studies Journal 11 (1997): 159-163.

Education Programs Prevalent in Jordan-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Critically analysis o the Quantitative Study The Effect of an Education Program for Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Jordan . Answer: Introduction Advanced level research is prominent across the world that throws light on the different strategies that can give a positive direction to the social and psychological issues of disability services and inclusive educations. The research aims to collaboratively promote innovative methods by which such services can be successful. Critically analysing the suitability and reliability of this pool of research is desirable to understand the areas of further improvement. Evaluating the credibility of such research articles contribute towards future research that is better in all respects (Goodley, 2016). The present paper is a critical analysis of the quantitative study The Effect of an Education Program for Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Jordan by Al-Khalaf et al., (2013). To critique research in inclusive, special education or disability service settings is the aim of the paper. The purpose is to demonstrate the ability to identify and analyse the elementary features of scientifically defendable research in relation to special education. Appropriateness of the research question(s) Against the backdrop that there are limited education programs prevalent in Jordan that aims to educate and support parents of preschool age child suffering from ASD, the present research had the aim of exploring whether increased provision for such education programs for mothers would be beneficial. The primary research question was whether educational programs for mothers of children with ASD would significantly bring improvements in their coping skills, bring a reduction in their stress and promote the enhancement of their understanding of the behaviour demonstrated by the children. The secondary research question was whether there are any discreet differences between coping skills and stress levels between fathers and mothers of children with ASD in Jordan. The research questions have been appropriate for exploration since there is a lack of knowledge on the topic of the value of educational programs for parents of children with ASD and the research would bridge this gap. Accordi ng to Fischbach et al., (2016) there is a scarcity of studies showing the influence of training program on parental attitudes towards the children. Frantzen et al., (2016) highlight that if the applicability of parent training and education programs are known, concerned authorities can consider increasing resource allocation for services that provide these parents with support and information so that they develop specialist knowledge. Skills and coping ability of parents can be enhanced through this approach. The research questions are causal with respect to the research topic. According to Flick (2015), causal research questions aims to explain the cause and effect relationship between the different variables. The purpose of constructing such questions is to determine the nature of the relationship between the variables and understand which variable is successful in establishing the effect and to what extent. In the present case, the study aims to establish the causal relationship between education program and stress and coping level of mothers. Relationship between research design and research question(s) The present study was an exploratory study that investigated whether the scope of an education program for mothers of children with ASD in Jordan contributed to better outcomes for parents in relation to caring for their children. Interviews were undertaken with the participants as data collection was done with two measurement scales Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI) and Parent Stress Index (PSI) at three phases. According to Flick (2015), exploratory studies are known to improve knowledge on a certain topic. This methodology helps in determining how and why things happen. Exploratory researches are highly advantageous in directing subsequent research approaches. The relationship between the research questions and the research design was therefore justified as such an approach would be beneficial in explaining why and how educational programs would be highly accepted by parents of ASD children. The type of research design is not mentioned for the primary research question, and for the secondary research question, there is no separate research design. After searching existing literature on the concerned research topic, we find that a number of research studies have considered exploratory study design for addressing their research questions. Nolcheva and Trajkovski (2015) undertook an exploratory study for highlighting coping, stress and support among parents of children with ASD. Mann (2013) explored the experiences of mothers of autistic children with an exploratory research design. Coogle and Hanline (2014) undertook an exploratory study of family-centred help-giving practices in early intervention phases for families of autistic children. Chien and Lee (2013) carried out an exploratory study to assess couples educational needs for parenting an autistic child. All these studies have contributed significantly to the research topic. Rigor of the research methods The study considered a small group of participants, only ten couples. The study took place at two centres where children with disabilities are taken care of. Random selection for sample population was considered. The collection of data took place in three phases; before the education program, during the education program and after the education program. The data collection focused on extracting optimal data on the coping skills and stress levels of the mothers of autistic children. Instruments were used in the Arabic language to prevent any occurrence of language difficulties. The accuracy of translation was checked at multiple levels. Quantitative data analysis was done to compare the coping and stress levels for mothers before and afterwards of the education program. A robust quantitative analysis also compared between the coping and stress levels of fathers and mothers. Statistical data analysis was done with the help of nonparametric tests of group differences. Mann Whitney U tes t and Wilcoxon test were considered for this purpose. Rigor in quantitative studies refers to the extent to which the research methodology is concise and objective. It assesses how brilliantly the appropriate rules for carrying out a research have been adhered to (Panneerselvam, 2014). As pointed out by Flick (2015) there are certain disadvantages of a small sample size in research. A small sample size affects the study reliability since it leads to un-coverage bias. A larger standard deviation leads to less accurate results, and small sample size increases the chances of moving away from the larger population. Random sampling was, however, a proper approach due to its multiple advantages. In such form of sampling, each member of the larger population has equal chances of getting selected as a study population. Such sampling is free for prejudice and bias. One of the important advantages is that there needs to be minimum knowledge about the study population beforehand. It was a good step to utilize non-parametric statistical test. Accor ding to Yegidis et al., (2017) there are no alternatives to using such tests if the sample size is small, in the present case. Level of confidence in the reported results The present research paper does not mention the level of confidence in the results emerging from the study. Instead, it applies the method of hypothesis testing using P-values. As opined by Montgomery (2017) the confidence interval in statistical analysis is the representation of how often the actual proportion of the population would confer to the results. It is expressed as a percentage value. For example, a 95% confidence level implies that the researchers can be 95% sure that the results hold true. As argued by the authors, using confidence levels instead of P-value method is desirable due to a number of advantages. Firstly, researchers can assess the significance of the study form the level of confidence. Secondly, additional information can be obtained with the help of level of confidence. The limits of the interval provide information on how small or big the actual impact might be. P-values are less informative, and no information can be found on clinical importance.There was no participation bias in the study as random selection of 10 couples was done out of the 12 couples who showed interest to take part in the study. The results of the study were reliable as no signs of manipulation are mentioned. Assessment of the study's validity The validity of a research denotes whether it has been successful in measuring what is was supposed to, and indicates how sound the research has been. The research paper in question has certain limitations to it. Firstly, the sample size was small, preventing the application of wider statistical analysis method. A representative sample might have been excluded by the applied sampling method. As a result, the generalization of the study would, therefore, be made only to those parents whose children are taken care of at special education centres. A study is said to be more valid if the research results are generalized to the broader population. This implies that the inferences of the study can be acknowledged by similar populations at dissimilar settings (Flick, 2015). The study is, therefore, less valid. Further, there was no control group considered while carrying out the study. Therefore, causality could not be identified in the research (Panneerselvam, 2014). Lastly, short duration of the education program and inadequate long-term follow up were other limitations. The research design has matched the research question as the experiences and feelings of the participants have been ideally captured through the exploratory research method. The section of the participants has been justified as, for permitting comparisons across mothers and fathers, only intact mother-father dyads were considered to be included in the study. There was no conclusion made about score gains in the study that did not have a control group. There was no bias in assigning participants. There were no reports of loss of participants from the sample. There were no influences from an event that occurred between a pretest and posttest. Lastly, there were no effects from participant practice on the measuring instrument. Conclusion In spite of the varied limitations of the study, it provides important insights into the valuable experiences and perceptions of parents of children with ASD in Jordan. This research is a milestone in the field of special education and disability services. It promises to help in the expansion of effective parent training programs in Jordan as well as other countries. References Al-Khalaf, A., Dempsey, I., Dally, K. (2014). The effect of an education program for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in Jordan.International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling,36(2), 175-187. Chien, W. T., Lee, I. Y. (2013). An exploratory study of parents' perceived educational needs for parenting a child with learning disabilities.Asian Nursing Research,7(1), 16-25. Coogle, C. G., Hanline, M. F. (2016). An exploratory study of family?centred help?giving practices in early intervention: families of young children with autism spectrum disorder.Child Family Social Work,21(2), 249-260. Fischbach, R. L., Harris, M. J., Ballan, M. S., Fischbach, G. D., Link, B. G. (2016). Is there concordance in attitudes and beliefs between parents and scientists about autism spectrum disorder?.Autism,20(3), 353-363. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project.Sage. Frantzen, K. K., Lauritsen, M. B., Jrgensen, M., Tanggaard, L., Fetters, M. D., Aikens, J. E., Bjerrum, M. (2016). Parental self-perception in the autism spectrum disorder literature: a systematic mixed studies review.Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,3(1), 18-36. Goodley, D. (2016).Disability studies: An interdisciplinary introduction. Sage. Mann, A. (2013).The experiences of mothers of children with autism in Jamaica: an exploratory study of their journey. University of South Florida. Montgomery, D. C. (2017).Design and analysis of experiments. John Wiley S Nolcheva, M., Trajkovski, V. (2015). Exploratory study: stress, coping and support among parents of children with autism spectrum disorders.Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation,16(3-4), 84-100. Panneerselvam, R. (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt.Ltd.. Yegidis, B. L., Weinbach, R. W., Myers, L. L. (2017).Research methods for social workers. Pearson.

The Topics for Nursing Research Paper Cover Up

The Topics for Nursing Research Paper Cover Up The Tried and True Method for Topics for Nursing Research Paper in Step by Step Detail Consequently, it's the duty of the writer to produce sure the sources are authentic and of high quality, and should they serve the aim of your research. The paper can help you advance new frontiers for scholarly understanding. Get in touch with the very best team to receive your research done the way it needs to be in order to be a prosperous medical school student. The understanding of law is essential for employed as a paralegal. Your paper could concentrate on the best ways nurses can deal with stress at work. In the event the initial care provided isn't successful a nurse must think of a different plan of action. Still, since there are a lot of suggestions to improve one's health, not all them are tested and proved properly. To begin with, you can want to put new information associated with nursing available for others. 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Researchers generally ut ilize research paper suggestions to develop a different approach when they are supposed to compose a particular study. Attempting to compose a research paper on a topic that doesn't have a lot of research on it's incredibly hard, so before you choose a topic, do a little bit of preliminary searching and be sure you're have all the info you should compose your paper. If you decide to use books, search for the hottest editions since they always have newer info. Submitting your release to the correct media contacts is very important. Top Topics for Nursing Research Paper Choices Before you commence writing a single word of your paper, you first will need to understand what your thesis will be. Ultimately, a student will have planned notes to utilize in creating a paper. Moreover, he must have learned concerning the basic writing pattern and format. You should keep in mind that the thesis statement is normally a kind of introduction to the assigned subject issue. Investigate how folks understand mathematics and the way the exceptional maths genius brain works. You can both utilize personal experience and cover new nuances for you, dependent on the research of different authors and drawing your own personal conclusions. To write a great essay on any topic associated with that field students must have technical wisdom and the capability to express ideas. Understanding Topics for Nursing Research Paper The practice of discovering the most suitable topic for your thesis can be challenging. 1 option that could work is the procedure of detoxifying the system. One strategy is to decide on a topic in which you're well-versed. Borrow any idea you enjoy or make a new topic on the grounds of those. You may use the header function to automatically generate the header on every page. If you're still unhappy with a few sections, you always have the option to request us to revise your work. The procedure for research begins with the collection of a topic which is appropriate for your course or purpose. You only need to go to a website which talks about nursing and decide on a few keywords from that point. The Good, the Bad and Topics for Nursing Research Paper Nursing is a rather intricate science which demands persistence, devotion and determination to help people in distinct problems. Caring for animals isn't an easy job. Nurses have existed in various forms in practically all cultures over the span of time, and your students may be interested in learning more regarding the roots of nursing and the way it has evolved. Simulation, nevertheless, is not only for health care professionals. Topics for Nursing Research Paper - the Conspiracy Another strategy is to select an element of nursing that perhaps you're less well-versed in, but want to find out more about. There are a number of patient care style s and techniques you could explore, compare and contrast inside your research paper. Factors of the intense emotional support that's required for the individual and family is just one more burden of stress put on nurse. How to manage chronic patient diseases when you're a nurse.

Research Paper Topics in Sierra Leone

Research Paper Topics in Sierra LeoneResearchers at The University of Texas at Austin and elsewhere are finding opportunities in Sierra Leone research paper topics. For example, an upcoming class will look at the role of commerce in Sierra Leone's transition from a civil war zone to a post-conflict economy. The course will study markets, business law, legal history, and comparative law.This specialization is now a very popular way to help prepare students for careers in the Law. The university now offers classes in Sierra Leone and some other African countries in order to help prepare graduates for jobs in the United States and abroad. With the global economy is changing so quickly, universities must be able to stay ahead of the curve.Getting more information on this legal system in Africa can help the student decide whether or not this is the right career for them. However, some worry that it might be too late to change their minds. It could be hard to pull out the journalism degree when that same thing is happening in Sierra Leone.One of the challenges for students though is that they can't do research on campus, they can't go to the country and conduct interviews, and they can't participate in school projects that would provide them with real world experiences. The best advice I have for my fellow graduate students would be to think very carefully about which graduate school they join. Make sure you get good feedback from professors to help you decide.You can still get good job opportunities with research paper topics that focus on this particular country. Sierra Leone is not the only place in Africa where the government is dealing with huge civil unrest. Liberia and Nigeria are in the news as well.To make sure you get a solid graduate school experience, it might be worthwhile to consider a non-academic experience. One option might be to travel to the country and see how much it costs to live and operate your own business there. You could also work in a lead ership position in an NGO for a year or two and then join an NGO of your choice once you're done with your degree.It is important to remember that what happens in Sierra Leone will not automatically impact on your life. Most people in Sierra Leone are still struggling with poverty and conflict. There are those who are even living in squalor in some of the camps.Therefore, your search for good research paper topics should take a slightly different approach than what it might have been before. Research the universities in Africa and check out their graduates. Find out what they have to say about the social conditions in Sierra Leone and try to dig up some information about your destination country.

Small businesses failure in the UK

Introduction According to the Federation of Small Businesses (2012), â€Å"there are 4.5 million small businesses in the UK†. Their significance in the country’s economy is confirmed by statistics from the same organization, revealing that small business account for 99% of all the businesses in the United Kingdom.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Small businesses failure in the UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They account for more than 48% of the private sector turnover and employ 58.8% of the people working in the private sector. London is leading with the highest number of small businesses approximated at 748,000. The South East is second with 745,000 registered small businesses. The number has been on the rise in the recent past with over 87,000 small business registered in2010 alone. Even as this number goes up, the rate of failure is still alarming, and a cause for concern. In 200 4 alone, small businesses in the UK registered a 43% failure rate (Small Business UK, 2012). According to Federation of Small Businesses (2012), â€Å"the government recognizes that small businesses are the backbone of the United Kingdom’s economy†. Combining the public and private sectors together, each year, the small businesses represent over 90% of the employer firms. In the last 15 years, 64% of all the news jobs created in the UK have come from the small businesses. Furthermore, â€Å"small businesses produce 13 times more patents per employee than large patenting firms; these patents are twice as likely as large firm patents to be among the one percent most cited† (Federation of Small Businesses, 2012). The sectors significance in the country is further proven by the fact that they create more than half the country’s non-farm gross domestic product comes from it. Half the country’s high-tech workers are employed in the small businesses. Thes e include the computer programmers, chemical analysts, engineers and scientists. Small businesses in the UK offer income and convenience to a big percentage of the investors.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More than half are home-based, while 2% are franchises (Small Business UK, 2012). According to the same statistics, small businesses made up more than 97% percent of all registered and identified exporters in the country in 2007. In the same year, 30.2% of the known export value in the United Kingdom was from them. Other than the financial benefits that they offer the country, small business have a political and social importance both domestically and internationally. They have been found to make significant contributions to the economical and foreign relationships between the UK and other nations, especially with most of the industrially advanced and developin g nations including the United States. Small businesses are considered as one of the major driving forces of socio-economic development in the country. Because small businesses stimulate private ownership and entrepreneurship skills they generate more innovative opportunities (Repa, 2010) They offer stability since they are flexible and adapt themselves to changing market demand and supply situations easily. Review of relevant literature indicates that many international agencies and governments have identified the importance of maintaining healthy and supportive growth standards in small businesses (Kakkar, 2009). However, there exist very few details of the strategies recommended by prior research. Provision of services, information and support for small businesses is not well defined in most of the past studies. Nature of small business, changing patterns of employment and changes in economic environment are found to be some of the reasons for lack of focus in the research (Trevi no and Katherine, 2011). Nature of small businesses The contribution to modern economic life by the small enterprises is significant and cannot be ignored. In many of the advanced industrialized nations, the enhanced share of contribution to the economic growth is the strong evidence for their prominent place in changing the economic profile of these nations. Available information from government statistics has shown that failures are more common in small businesses than in larger companies, perhaps from the fact that big businesses have the capacity to handle risks and potentially dangerous uncertainties. â€Å"It is acknowledged that such high incidence of failure is not mainly because the small enterprises undertake more dangerous business tasks; but because of unsatisfactory management and implementation arrangements in small businesses† (Koeng and Root, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Small businesses failure in the UK specificall y for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Effective management of strategy in small businesses faces considerable challenges from the fact they are more vulnerable and exposed to uncertainties and changes in the markets. As far as management is concerned, the owner is regarded as the central and dominant actor in relation to any proposal for changes in the structure or operations of small businesses. Many researches point out the personal values and priorities of the owners as the determinants of culture, social relations and attitude of the small enterprises. Based on such characteristics, small businesses could be described as organizations that have to fight for survival. These organizations have the owners as the responsible persons to handle several issues affecting the business at the same time (Tsai and Wen, 2009). The owner-manager gets significant part of his identity from the enterprise. The personal values and beliefs of the owners form the gu idelines for the development of small businesses. The management style of owners of small businesses is often a patriarchal one, and hence it is ego-centric and action-oriented (Longenecker, 2010). Causes of failure among small business Cash flow problems The most significant challenge among small entrepreneurs is having a healthy and managing cash flow. Daily (2011) points out that â€Å"many businesses struggle through poor cash flow management†. Even where good skills are available, less than enough financial resources make it hard for them to bear any fruits. A common mistake among small business people is going into business with the exact amount needed to start up, and sometimes even less. When the business is not profitable immediately, there is no money to cater for expenses and cater for the day-to-day expenses of the business. The results are either accumulated debts at an early age of the business, or failure at an early stage. Poor business planning Daniels (2010) advices that â€Å"a business plan should cover aspects such as marketing, finance, sales and promotion plans, as well as detailed breakdowns of costs and profit predictions†. Unfortunately, small businesses lack a comprehensive plan and more often leave out the important aspects of a business.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, a plan that lacks direction on costs and expenses may not be able to sustain itself regardless of how well marketing and sales were planned. In the UK, a considerable number of small business owners are young and may lack the much needed level of experience to address some of the challenges that arise from poor planning. The result is the inability for small businesses to go through any challenges that arise. Poor marketing Understanding a market is paramount for businesses that intend to establish a long-lasting presence in any market. For a business to be successful, they have to understand and meet the needs of their clientele. When this is lacking, resources spent to introduce products and market will not bear any positive results for the business. Furthermore, small businesses in the UK suffer from stiff competition since most industries are quite competitive. Lack of sufficient funds makes it even more difficult for them to invest in understanding markets and even compete effectively. Most of them also lack proper distribution channels and are unable to create a consistent flow of goods or services to the targeted clientele. Lack of finances According to Barreto (2007), â€Å"insufficient finance often means that businesses are unable to take opportunities available to them, or have to compromise-going for high cost solutions to problems, rather than lower cost ones that would yield greater competitive advantage†. In the UK, the government recognizes the significance of the small businesses by offering different kinds of support. This is through grants, financial advice and information, as well as making loans more available to small entrepreneurs. Grants are today more available through the government and other non-governmental organizations. Information and advice are essential since most small businesses suffer from poor financial management, bad credit and inability to sustain the high costs in the early days of business. Failure to embrace new technologies Inability to embrace new developments and technologies arises from a lack of financial resources. At an age when technology is evolving so fast, dragging behind may cause more harm than a business could anticipate. In a fast changing world, leading investors are those that access to modern solutions and know how to use them to their advantage. Young business may suffer weak and inexperienced capacity to manage changes that occur too fast as far as their technological needs are concerned. Issues of safety â€Å"The issues that surround running a business are more pronounced in small enterprises by virtue of their sizes act to restrict the initiatives for meeting the health and safety standards for their workers† (Armstrong, 2009). The issue of safety is especially important for those businesses in high risk industries such as production. Issues of safety can further be categorized into management, finance, compliance and environmental practices. All these issues are inter-linked, are dependent on each other, and operate as a total force. Based on this premise, the key factors that affect the occupational health and safety in small businesses can be grouped under these heads. They are (a) low or lack of management and training skills; (b) lack of financial and human resources; (c) burden of statutory and regulatory compliance; (d) relationship with regulatory agencies and the use of consultants; (e) dependent relationship with large businesses; and (f) employment and occupational health and safety practices. Poor management Management in small businesses differs largely from that of a large undertaking with formal structures. As against large businesses, in small business enterprises, the lines of communication are shorter with simple organizational structure (Bohlander, 2010). The small enterprises feel the commercial pressures almost instantaneously and severely. In the small businesses, management practices are intertwined w ith other aspects of running the business and it is not possible to separate them for higher focus. According to (Bohlander, 2010) â€Å"a shift in one area of functioning will have immediate consequences on another because of the inter-relationship between the functions of operating a small business is tightly knit†. In most cases the employer has to consider the provision of even basic management measures based on the cash flow. Human resource management Most of the small enterprises face the challenge of training and skill development. This is especially so in the area of business communication and management. Small businesses mostly lack both the management attainment and adequate resources to meet their commitments on human resource requirements of the industry (Clutterbuck, 2007). The small business owners generally do not understand their obligations and responsibilities as far as their workers are concerned. Small business employers are often specialized in their part icular trade rather than on the business management practices. They can frequently be characterized by a norm of independence and a shared belief in their personal values. The small business owners are keen in their individual autonomy and hence do not take much care of what the rest of the team thins or requires. The tension between the role of management and the rest of the team in the small business also act to distance the owner-managers from meeting the requirements of the employees. Statutory and regulatory requirements The burden of compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements is a challenge that the small businesses have to face continuously. While medium and large sized firms are able to keep their knowledge up to date on the changes in business laws and regulations, small businesses have not. Unlike large businesses, meeting the regulatory requirements may often place considerable financial burden on small businesses. This is because the smaller businesses are una ble to spread the cost of compliance over large number of products as it is the case with larger firms. This inability may put the small businesses at a significant disadvantage. Studies also indicate that small business owners consider that government regulations may affect their profitability and ultimately lead to the closure of the business (Vance and Yongsun, 2011). This presumption that the cost of compliance will negatively affect the profitability of small businesses has led a large number of small businesses to find ways in which they could opt out of their legal obligations in the country. Viable solutions to reduce failure rates In consistent with the previous researches, Longenecker (2010) suggested that the small and medium enterprises in the UK have slowly evolved their management systems to make them better. Steingold (2009) found that with the increase in the organizational size the quality of business issues management increased. Lack of resources has been identifie d to be one of the major reasons small businesses are failing in the UK. Schneider and Pietra (2010) found more evidences to prove that small business organizations had resorted to more preventive activities such as insurance and compensation when challenges occur. Putting this into consideration, it is notable that availability of resources will be very helpful to the small entrepreneurs. The first resource that small businesses need is education and training. This is in areas of cash flow management, health and safety, marketing, and compliance with laws and regulations, among other areas. Santos, Fatima and Joaquim (2011) studied health and safety systems in small construction companies in the Asian region. The authors reported that newly hired construction workers in the small organizations are particularly at risk of occupational injuries because of insufficient safety education and training. This is important for small businesses in such industries where safety issues could co llapse a business. It is also important for small businesses to learn how to receive and send important information on issues that affect them. For example, full compliance to the law would require being fully updated on any new changes and new requirements. Another area in which small businesses need help is managing human resources. Many times small businesses employ less qualified personnel in an attempt to cut cost. Low level of literacy among the workers then makes it hard for them to be trained or adapt to new and challenging business environments in the UK. Because of their lack of knowledge, the workers are unaware of how different factors affect the business. In small enterprises, controls are normally decided by custom and practice and not by an exact risk assessment of the work practices. Reason (2008) found that the owners cited number of barriers including limited resources, lack of in-house expertise and competition as to why they were failing in human resource managem ent. It is therefore important that small business use everything they have to improve their human resource, as well as seek help on those issues that they cannot address. Another significant area of concern for small business is attitude towards their relationship with the government and law enforcement bodies. Small businesses are characterized by their indifferent attitude towards and their unwillingness to cooperate with regulatory agencies, as well as a common tendency to use consultants who may not be qualified for regulatory advice (Delgado, 2011). The same author observed three major reasons for the small business owners resorting to external consultants to assist them in compliance issues rather than dealing with the government agencies directly. First reason is that many small business owners feel alienated from the state. As a result, small business owners choose not to approach government agencies and relevant authorities directly for advice or guidance on matters that a ffect occupational, safety and health at work. Secondly the small business enterprise owners always presume that they might be prosecuted by the government for not meeting the regulatory requirements. The result is that small business owners are not in direct contact with the government, and will instead be more comfortable to use the services of small business advisors. The intermediaries may not relay all the information to both stakeholders, creating a communication breakdown. Thirdly when the small business owners do not have the competence to understand their obligation and do not seek advice from small business advisor. It is important that all relevant stakeholders put effort to fill the gap in their management knowledge. It is important for businesses and the government to note that by relying on the advisors to guide them on managing regulatory requirements, small businesses may not have access to all the relevant information. Important subjects such as financial, tax and l egal issues may not be fully addressed. For this reason, the government must ensure easy access of such information by reaching the small business instead of waiting for them to reach them. Compliance can also be improved by making it affordable for the small businesses. Financial challenges are obviously challenges that stakeholders cannot afford to ignore. Small businesses are at a higher risk of closing down due to lack of sufficient funds to run their day to day expenses. Financial related challenges can be solved through education, training and making funds available for small businesses. The UK government can get involved by having subsidized interest rates for small business loans, making the process of accessing funds easier, and encouraging non-governmental organizations to get involved through grants and training. The UK government in the recent past has put in place measures to encourage small entrepreneurs through government funded grants. Budgetary allocations for small businesses further need to be increased to help more start-up access financial support. Even though the government plays a major role in the problem, every stakeholder needs to be involved aggressively for failure rates to be reduced. â€Å"Businesses need to put a plan ahead to know what the most likely risks are in a given workplace environment and prepare for them to avoid them altogether† (Shane, 2008). To avoid stagnation and the consequences that arise when they happen, it is important for businesses to have a specific plan and regularly train employees on how to avoid being in such situations. It is also paramount for businesses to train employees on how to react when hardships occur so that they do not panic and aggravate the problem further. The size of the small business may not really be an important factor in the provision of workplace support. The assumption of high risks, poor assessment and high incidence of failure in small businesses compared to larger once has not been supported by empirical evidences. The right information is paramount in ensuring that the right policies and measures are installed correctly and that irrelevant assumptions are not made. Information at the employees’ level is also crucial in helping employees avoid any areas where they may easily expose themselves the business to risks that hurt the business. Employee and public education can be carried out through training at the workplace, government forums and annual awareness week, usually addressing different types of challenges. As discussed earlier, issues of safety are a significant problem for small businesses which may not have the resources to manage damages that arise when incidents occur. For manufacturing businesses, and those that use hazardous substances, health and safety should be addressed comprehensively. It is important to ensure that chemicals do not mix or come into contact with each other accidentally. The cleaning of production and stora ge facilities must be done in accordance with procedures that ensure safety and protection. Many industries in the region adopt mechanisms such as continuous process cleaning (CPC), to avoid any contact with the contaminated water during cleaning. Other mechanisms adopted from other regions such as Japan allow employees to arrange offices, stores and other facilitates in a way that allows easy exit in case of emergencies. Another important step for proper management and protection management of small businesses is compiling a highly skilled team in the businesses. A proper team is important for preparation, prevention and response when problems and risks that could lead to closure occur. The team must have access to every part of the business, meaning that a business must have the right teams in all its departments from the executive to the ground level. Since it is very easy to make the wrong decisions in panic, procedural manuals for incidents such as cash shortages, damaged goods and low sales must be in place to prevent such happenings. It is important for the new businesses in the United Kingdom to seek external help from bigger and more mature businesses who may have been exposed to significant crises and business threatening incidents in the past, and were able to manage it effectively. To fully benefit from new technological innovations, companies must also consult to benefit from each other’s new ideas. Consultations are made possible by fine tuning a company’s communication style and establishing good relationships with fellow investors. Such initiatives prove very helpful when a company needs help in times of trouble. Setting timeline for important projects will help the small businesses improve their preparedness. It also helps manage its workers in a timelier manner. â€Å"Each process scenario must be highlighted in the timeline to ensure that teams don’t spend unnecessarily long times on one aspect of a crisis† (Reuvi d, 2010). Timeliness allows order and organization during an incident management mission, an initiative that could go a long way in saving lives and minimizing damage. Waste management and environmental challenges should be accorded the right attention in a business right from its inception. For those who make products from raw materials, reactivity and toxicity tests can be used to further determine whether waste should be considered hazardous or not. All wastes must go through these tests to determine how hazardous they are to the environment and human health before disposal. When collecting waste, it should be segregated and collected according to different waste categories depending with how they test for different parameters. Waste should be not be mixed and should be collected in containers with secure lids securely sealed thereafter to avoid spillage. When these measures are not addressed, small businesses find themselves in trouble with environmental organizations and may en d up paying hefty fines that will eat into its capital base. Small business should have the capability to test the level of risk and exposure in the markets they venture into. The level of interaction with risks allows the analysts to determine the amount of damage that may have occurred in a business (Haddow, Jane and Damon, 2011). In case of Therefore, it is important for small businesses to be equipped with the necessary tools and kits to perform these assessments and minimize negative effects on its operations. The other important step is identifying the most fundamental success factors for safety in their business strategy. These are factors that must be available if sustainability initiatives have to work out and give results. They include things such as technology requirements, availability of resources, tools for measuring performance and the how the process will be aligned. Conclusion In conclusion, a proper workplace management plan can help small businesses in the United Kingdom preserve their reputation as the backbone of the country’s economy. The first step towards a proper management planning is having the right information (U.S Small Business Administration, 2011). Any company intending to perfect their art of survival must have the right data and information about their population, level of threat, climatic trends, and rates at which risks occur in the industry region and causes. False facts can lead to wrong decisions in the face of a crisis and could cost more losses than should have happened. In the country, small businesses have done much to ensure their survival rates increase. There needs to be more awareness and training for small entrepreneurs, especially those in high risk industries. The general view of planning is to create a specific response to economical, physical, social, psychological and environmental challenges. The effectiveness of the plan is influenced by both local and external factors. Particular circumstances suc h as the economic environment, human resources conditions, accessibility of business papers, number of people involved and many other parameters may also influence the outcomes of a new business. When all these factors are put into consideration, all small businesses in the United Kingdom will be in a position to develop a more effective strategy. Reference List Armstrong, M., 2009. Armstrong’s handbook of management and leadership: A  guide to managing for results. London; Kogan page. Barreto, H.V., 2007. The engine of America: The secrets to small business  success from entrepreneurs who have made it. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Bohlander, G.W., 2010. Managing human resources. Mason: South-Western. Clutterbuck, D., 2007. Coaching the team at work. Boston: Nicholas Brealey International. Daily, F.W., 2011. Tax savvy for small business. Berkeley, Calif.: NOLO. Daniels, O.O., 2010. The small business guide (U.S). Evanston: The Small Business Zone. Delgado, M., 2011. L atino small businesses and the American dream:  Community social work practice and economic and social development. New York: Columbia University Press. Federation of Small Businesses, 2012. Small business statistics. Web. Haddow, G.D., Jane, A.B. and Damon, P.C., 2011. Introduction to emergency  management. Burlington, MA: Butterworth Heinemann. Kakkar, A., 2009. Small business management concepts and techniques for  improving decisions. Global India Publications. Koeng, S. and Root, H., 2006. The small business start-up guide: A surefire  blueprint to Successfully launch your own business. Naperville, III: Sourcebooks, Inc. Longenecker, J.G., 2010. Small business management: Launching and growing  entrepreneurial ventures. Australia; Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Reason, 2008. The human contribution: Unsafe acts, accidents and heroic  recoveries. Farnham: Ashgate, cop. Repa, B.K., 2010. Your rights in the work place. Berkeley, Calif.: Nolo. Reuvid, J., 201 0. Managing business risk: A practical guide to protecting your  business. London; Kogan page. Santos, G., Fatima, M. and Joaquim, B., 2011. Certification and integration of management systems: the experience of Portuguese small and medium enterprises. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(17): pp. 1965-1974. Schneider, S. and Pietra, C., 2010. Read about it: The role of the media in improving construction safety and health. Journal of Safety Research, 41(3): pp. 283-287. Shane, S., 2008. Startup failure rates. Web. Small Business UK, 2012. What is the percentage of success of small businesses in UK? Web. Steingold, F., 2009. Legal guide for starting and running a small business. Berkeley, CA.: Nolo. Trevino, L.K. and Katherine, A.N., 2011. Managing business ethics; Straight talk  about how to do it right. New York: John Wiley. Tsai, W.H. and Wen, C.C., 2009. Selecting management systems for sustainable development in SMEs: A novel hybrid model based on DEMATEL, ANP, and ZOGP. Exper t Systems with Applications, 36(2): pp. 1444-1458. U.S Small Business Administration, 2011. Advocacy for small business  statistics and research. Web. Vance, C.M. and Yongsun, P., 2011. Managing a global workforce: Challenges  and opportunities in international human resource management. Armonk: Sharpe. This critical writing on Small businesses failure in the UK was written and submitted by user Juliet E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Transfer Student College Essay - How to Write A Transfer Student College Essay

Transfer Student College Essay - How to Write A Transfer Student College EssayIf you are asking yourself how to write a college transfer student essay, the answers are much easier than you think. The truth is that you do not need to be as creative or as talented as the writer that wrote your college papers. All you need to do is follow a few simple guidelines and have patience when it comes to writing. Then, when the time comes to submit your essay, you will be ready for an A+.The first thing you should do when you are writing a transfer student college essay is come up with a thesis statement. Make sure that you clearly state what your purpose is for writing the essay. Write the thesis statement before you even get started writing the paper. This will help you stay on track and not lose focus on what you want to say.You should also make sure that your thesis statement explains in detail what you want to say. Do not try to cram your point across in one paragraph. You need to make it easy for your reader to understand. You want them to understand your point, but also to remember it. You will also find that this takes away from the bulk of your paper.When you ask how to write a college transfer student essay, the answer is all about structure. It is important that you take the time to make sure that you write a great essay. It takes a certain amount of talent to be able to write a good essay, but it also takes a certain amount of talent to find the right words to express what you want to say.When it comes to how to write a college transfer student essay, writing a thesis statement is very important. In fact, it should be included when you are writing your essay. Remember that this is the foundation for your essay. Without it, you may not be able to go on. There are many different ways that you can create a thesis statement, and one of the best ways is to use an outline.The second thing you should do when you are asking how to write a college transfer student essa y is to come up with an outline. This can be a very important aspect of your essay because it will tell you what you should write in each paragraph. The outline should be clear, concise, and easy to read. If you leave it vague, it will just be too difficult for your reader to understand.The third thing you should do when you are asking how to write a college transfer student essay is to give your readers something to think about. You should include a review in your essay at the end, or at the very least a discussion between two opposing views. Give your readers something to talk about. You want to show that you care about both sides and that you are willing to make concessions for the people that you are arguing against.Finally, when you are asking how to write a college transfer student essay, you want to make sure that you give your readers a certain amount of information. The information that you provide in your essay should relate to what you are arguing against. You also want t o be able to convince your reader of your point of view. Give them everything that they need in order to accept your position and you will find that you will be writing a transfer student college essay that is not only persuasive but persuasive well.